Topic 1 Definitions Flashcards by Sam McGee

Q

What is ATP?

A

The energy currency of cells

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Q

What are amino acids?

A

Monomers that make up proteins

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Q

What is Benedict’s test used for?

A

Testing for reducing sugars

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Q

What is the Biuret test used for?

A

Testing for proteins

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Q

What is cellulose?

A

A structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls

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Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

A reaction that joins molecules by removing water

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Q

What is DNA?

A

An information storing molecule made of nucleotides

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Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

Two amino acids joined together

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Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two monosaccharides joined together

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Q

What is DNA helicase?

A

An enzyme that unwinds DNA

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Q

What is DNA polymerase?

A

An enzyme that synthesises new DNA strands

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Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst

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Q

What is glycogen?

Role? What is it in?

A

A storage polysaccharide in animals

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Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

A bond between monosaccharides

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Q

What is heat capacity?

A

Energy needed to raise a substance’s temperature

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Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking a bond by adding water

Q

What is the induced-fit model?

A

Enzyme changes shape to fit substrate

Q

What is the iodine test used for?

A

Testing for starch

Q

What is lactose?

A

A disaccharide of glucose and galactose

Q

What is latent heat?

A

Energy needed for a substance to change state

Q

What is the emulsion test used for?

A

Testing for lipids

Q

What is maltose?

A

A disaccharide
two glucose molecules

Q

What is a metabolite?

A

A molecule in metabolic reactions

Q

What are monomers?

A

Small units that make up larger molecules

What are monosaccharides?

Simple sugar (glucose) monomers

What is a phospholipid?

A lipid that contains: * two fatty acids * a glycerol unit * a phosphate group

What are polymers?

Large molecules made of monomers

What is a polypeptide?

Many amino acids joined together

What is a polysaccharide?

Many monosaccharides joined together

What is the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Interactions of multiple polypeptide chains

What is RNA?

A molecule made of ribonucleotides

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

**Local interactions** of amino acids

What is semi-conservative replication?

DNA replication with one original and one new strand

What is a solvent?

A substance that dissolves other substances

What is starch?

A storage polysaccharide in plants

What is sucrose?

A disaccharide of glucose and fructose

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

The 3D folding of a protein

What is a triglyceride?

A lipid of glycerol and three fatty acids