15.4 - Structure & Function of Synapses Flashcards

The functions of synapses The structure of synapses Excitatory and inhibitory synapses Spatial and temporal summation at synapses

1
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction for information transfer between neurones or to effector cells

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2
Q

What are the key roles of synapses?

A

Transmit information

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3
Q

What are the key structures in a synapse?

A

Presynaptic neurone

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4
Q

What is the function of the presynaptic neurone?

A

Releases neurotransmitters

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5
Q

What is the function of the synaptic knob?

A

Contains organelles for neurotransmitter production

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6
Q

What is the function of synaptic vesicles?

A

Store neurotransmitters

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7
Q

What is the function of the synaptic cleft?

A

Gap between neurones

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8
Q

What is the function of the postsynaptic neurone?

A

Receives neurotransmitters

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9
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitter receptors?

A

Bind with neurotransmitters

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10
Q

What is the effect of excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Depolarisation

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11
Q

What is the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Hyperpolarisation

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12
Q

What is an example of an excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions

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13
Q

What is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine at cardiac synapses

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14
Q

What are the steps involved in inhibitory synaptic transmission?

A

Neurotransmitter release

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15
Q

What is summation?

A

Combining inputs to generate action potential

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16
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

Multiple presynaptic neurones converge

17
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

Repeated firing by a presynaptic neurone