3.4 - Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
The structure of prokaryotic cells The functions of their cell parts The similarities and differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
Single-celled
What is the size of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
Much smaller
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No
What is the cell wall of prokaryotic cells made of?
Murein (peptidoglycan)
What type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?
70S
Where is the genetic material found in prokaryotic cells?
Large circular strand of DNA in the cytoplasm and plasmids
What is a capsule in prokaryotic cells?
Extra layer around the cell wall
What is the function of a capsule?
Protects from antibiotics and white blood cells
What is a flagellum?
Long
What is the function of a flagellum?
Rotates to push the cell through its environment
What are pili?
Short
What is the function of pili?
Attaching cells to other cells or surfaces
What type of cell type is a eukaryote?
Unicellular and multicellular
What type of cell type is a prokaryote?
Unicellular
What is the size range of a eukaryote?
10 to 100 µm
What is the size range of a prokaryote?
0.1 to 5 µm
What type of DNA does a eukaryote have?
Linear DNA in a nucleus
What type of DNA does a prokaryote have?
Circular DNA free in the cytoplasm
What type of ribosomes does a eukaryote have?
80S
What type of ribosomes does a prokaryote have?
70S
What type of organelles does a eukaryote have?
Membrane-bound and non membrane-bound organelles
What type of organelles does a prokaryote have?
Few non membrane-bound organelles
What is the cell wall of a eukaryote made of?
Cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi)
What is the cell wall of a prokaryote made of?
Murein
