5.7 - Vaccination Flashcards
The differences between active, passive, natural and artificial immunity How vaccination works to protect against disease The concept of herd immunity
What are the two types of immunity?
Active and passive
What is active immunity?
- This type of immunity develops when the immune system makes its own antibodies after exposure to a pathogen’s antigens.
- It takes a while to become immune to the disease, but it is long-term protection because memory cells are produced.
What is passive immunity?
Immunity developed by receiving antibodies from another organism
Is active immunity long-term or short-term?
Long-term
Is passive immunity long-term or short-term?
Short-term
What is vaccination?
Introduction of a pathogen’s antigens to stimulate an immune response
What does a vaccine contain?
Antigens
What are some components of vaccines?
Dead pathogens
How does vaccination provide immunity?
Stimulates primary immune response
What happens on second exposure to a pathogen after vaccination?
Memory cells rapidly divide into plasma cells
Why are booster vaccines given?
To provide longer-lasting immunity
What are criteria for a successful vaccination program?
Availability
What is herd immunity?
Vaccinating a large proportion of the population to protect the unvaccinated
Why is herd immunity important?
Protects those who cannot be vaccinated
What factors may prevent elimination of a disease?
Individual immunity failures
What is antigenic variability?
Pathogens changing their antigens
Why does antigenic variability make vaccines difficult?
Memory cells may not recognize new antigens
