8.1 - Genes & Genetic Code Flashcards
How DNA is organised into chromosomes How DNA is stored in eukaryotes and prokaryotes The difference between introns and exons The features of the genetic code
What are DNA molecules wound around to form a DNA-histone complex?
Histones
What does the DNA-histone complex coil to form?
Chromatin
What does chromatin help pack DNA into?
Chromosomes
Where do prokaryotic cells store DNA?
Cytoplasm
What is the shape of prokaryotic DNA?
Circular
Do prokaryotic cells associate DNA with histones?
No
Where do eukaryotic cells store DNA?
Nucleus
What is the shape of eukaryotic DNA?
Linear
Do eukaryotic cells associate DNA with histones?
Yes
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
What are exons?
Coding sections of DNA
What are introns?
Non-coding sections of DNA
What is a locus?
Specific location of a gene on a chromosome
What is a genome?
Complete set of genes in a cell
What is a proteome?
Full range of proteins a cell can produce
What is the genetic code?
Sequence of bases that code for amino acids
What is a triplet?
Sequence of three DNA bases coding for an amino acid
What are the features of the genetic code?
Universal
What is a codon?
Sequence of three mRNA bases coding for an amino acid
