1.1 Introduction to Biological molecules Flashcards
The different types of biological molecules The difference between monomers and polymers The difference between condensation and hydrolysis reactions
What are the four main types of biological molecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipid
- Protein
- Nucleotide
What element is present in all organic biological molecules?
Carbon
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
What elements are found in lipids?
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O
What elements are found in proteins?
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
What elements are found in nucleic acids?
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)
What is a monomer?
A smaller unit that combines to make a large molecule (polymer)
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made up of many repeating units of monomers joined together by chemical bonds
What is the process of monomers joining to form a polymer called?
Polymerisation
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the polymer of carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the polymer of proteins?
Polypeptides
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the polymer of nucleic acids?
Polynucleotides
What is condensation reaction?
The removal of water to form a chemical bond between two molecules
What is hydrolysis reaction?
The addition of water to break a chemical bond between two molecules
