9.1 - Gene & Chromosome Mutations Flashcards
What a gene mutation is The different types of gene mutations How gene mutations affect protein structure What a chromosome mutation is
What is a gene mutation?
Change in DNA base sequence
How do mutations occur?
Spontaneously or by mutagens
What are mutagens?
Agents that increase mutation rate
What are the three types of gene mutations?
Substitution
How does substitution affect the amino acid sequence?
May or may not change it
How does deletion affect the amino acid sequence?
Changes it due to frameshift
How does insertion affect the amino acid sequence?
Changes it due to frameshift
What is a frameshift?
Shift in the reading frame of the genetic code
What are chromosome mutations?
Changes to chromosome structure or number
What is polyploidy?
More than two sets of chromosomes
What is non-disjunction?
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis
What does non-disjunction result in?
Gametes with extra or missing chromosomes
