1.3 Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides & Disaccharides Flashcards
The different types of monosaccharides The difference between alpha and beta glucose The different types of disaccharides The reactions which form and break down disaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
What is the general formula of monosaccharides?
(CH2O)n
How are monosaccharides classified?
i.e seperated
By the number of carbon atoms
What are hexose sugars?
Monosaccharides with 6 carbon atoms
What are 3 examples of hexose sugars?
(monosaccharides)
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
What are pentose sugars?
Monosaccharides with 5 carbon atoms
What are 2 examples of pentose sugars?
- Ribose
- Deoxyribose
What are the 2 isomers of glucose?
- Alpha-glucose
- Beta-glucose
What is the structural difference between alpha-glucose and beta-glucose?
The orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1
Why is glucose a good energy source?
- It is soluble - The hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water, so it can be transported around organisms.
- Its bonds store lots of energy - This energy is released when the bonds are broken.
What are disaccharides?
Two monosaccharides joined together
What are 3 examples of disaccharides?
- Maltose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
What monosaccharides make up maltose?
Glucose and glucose
What monosaccharides make up sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
What monosaccharides make up lactose?
Glucose and galactose
How are disaccharides formed?
What reaction?
- By condensation reactions
How are disaccharides broken down?
What reaction?
- By hydrolysis reactions
What type of bond joins monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
Glycosidic bond
What happens in a condensation reaction of monosaccharides?
- A glycosidic bond forms
- water is released
What happens in a hydrolysis reaction of disaccharides?
- The glycosidic bond is broken
- water is added
