Test 94: Incorrect Flashcards
Koilocytosis is hallmark of what disease
HPV infection
Characterize Koilocytes
- pyknotic, superficial or immature squamous cells with dense, irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear halo-like clearing
pyknotic
nuclear shrinkage
Genome for HPV
double-stranded, non- enveloped DNA virus
Actinomyces-like organisms appear how on pap smear
cotton candy
how does polyhydramnios present in a pregnant women
increased abdominal circumference out of proportion to gestational age
Fetal anomalies associated with Polyhydramnios are
- GI obstruction ( duodenal, esophageal, or intestinal atresia)
- anencephaly
Mother having what increases the risk of polyhydramnios
- maternal diabetes
- multiple gestations
Selecting a group of individuals, determining their exposure status, and the following them over time for development of disease interest
Prospective cohort study
For leukocyte extravasation, what is used in rolling
- L-selectin on neutrophils
- E-selectin/P-selectin on endothelial cells
how do neutrophils become firmly attached to endothelium
CD 18 beta 2 integrins ( mac-1 and LFA-1) to intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)
How do neutrophils migrate out of vasculature
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)
Some clinical features of leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- absent pus formation
- delayed separation of umbilical cord
HPV 16 and 18 are strongly associated with what
anal and cervical squamous cell carcinoma
who is at greatest risk for anal carcinoma
gay men
Anterior nose bleeds occur in what area of nose
nasal septum known as Kiesselbach plexus
what is the source of posterior nose blleds
posterolateral branches
- severe and usually cannot be treated with cautery
5 year old girl’s skin becomes red and scaling with only minimal sun exposure. Skin is thin and hyper pigmented. Few nevi on her hands and have been rapidly growing. what does she have
xeroderma pigmentosum
What goes wrong in Falcon anemia
hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents
mutation in Rb is associated with what diseases
- retinoblastoma
- osteosarcoma
what is the defect in xeroderma pigmentosum
defect in DNA excisional repair
Suspicious, distrustful, hypervigilant
paranoid
perfers to be a loner, detached, unemotional
Schizoid
Eccentric; odd thoughts, perceptions and behavior
Schizotypal
Disregard and violation of the rights of others
antisocial
Chaotic reltationships, sensitivity to abandonment labile mood, impulsivity, inner emptiness, self-harm
boderline
dramatic, superficial, attention-seeking
histrionic
Grandiosity, lack of empathy
Narcissistic
Avoidance due to fears of criticism and rejection
avoidant
Submissive, clingy, needs to be taken care of
Dependent
Rigid, controlling, perfectionistic
obsessive- compulsive
How is glucose transported in proximal tubule
sodium-coupled, carrier-mediated
what are the myeloproliferative disorders
- chronic myeloid leukemia
- Polycythemia vera
- essential thrombocythemia
- Myelofibrosis
What causes myelofibrosis? then what happens
- neoplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes
- Megakaryocytes produce PDGF causing marrow fibrosis
Clinical features of myelofibrosis
- pancytopenia
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
Lab features of Myelofibrosis
tear drop cells
Which chronic myeloproliferative disorders have a a JAK2 kinase mutation
- Myelofibrosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- polycythemia vera
translocation for acute promyeloctic leukemia
15;17
translocation for mantle cell lymphoma
11;14
what type of drug is chlorpheniramine
fist-generation antihistamine
first-generation antihistamines have what anti- properties
- antimuscarinic
- anti-alpha adrenergic
- anti-serotonergic
How do anticholinergics impact eye
impair accommodation
what aging process can cause isolated systolic hypertension
- aortic stiffening
- stiffness of major peripheral arteries
MOA for methimazole
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by suppressing iodination and coupling of tyrosine
Some side effects for phenytoin
- Gingival hyperplasia ( expresses PDGF)
- cerebellum and vestibular system ( ataxia and nystagmus)
- DRESS syndrome
when does dystrophic calcification occur
- all types of necrosis
- normal calcium levels
- secondary to chronic hemodynamic stress
when does metastatic calcification occur
in normal tissue in setting of hypercalcemia
Intracellular hemosiderin accumulation is seen in who
- hemolytic anemia
- frequent transfusion
Name 3 antibiotics that can disrupt the peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
- Penicillins,
- cephalosporins
- vancomycin
role of peptidoglycan cell wall
- ability to survive osmotic stress
What type of drug is Cefuroxime
2nd generation cephalosporin
drugs the inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit
- tetracycline
- Aminoglycoside
MAO of ciprofloxacin
inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase
drugs that inhibit 50S ribosomal subunit
Chloramphenical
Azithromycin
Location for Blasomycosis
Eastern United States
Central America
- some states adjacent to and east of Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
how does listeria survive intracellularly
- lyse vacuolar membrane through action of listeriolysin O, pore forming toxin
how does the body eliminate listeria from the body
cell-mediated immunity
How does cholesterol leave the body
- excretion free cholesterol into bile
2. conversion of cholesterol into bile acids
high levels of bile salts and phosphatidylcholine do what to cholesterol solubility
increase cholesterol solubility and decrease risk of gallstones
Sudden upward jerking of the arm at the shoulder can cause injury to what
lower trunk of brachial plexus
lower trunk of the brachial plexus carries nerve fibers from? nerves
C8 and T1
- median and ulnar nerves
Functional defects of Klumpke palsy
- paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles
2. total claw hand deformity
ACE normally does what to bradykinin
degrade it
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduce the risk of what disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes
chronic kidney diseae
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an embryonic derivative of what
6th aortic arch
What is pterion region
frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet in skull
injury to pterion injury involves what artery, causing
middle meningeal artery
- epidural hematoma
middle meningeal artery is a bunch of what artery
maxillary artery
what substitution happens in sickle cell
valine for glutamic acid
phenylalanine deletion is most common cause of what
cystic fibrosis
What goes wrong in achalasia
- disordered esophageal motility ( loss of auerbach plexus)
- inability to relax lower esophageal sphincter
Spinal cord shows symmetric myelin layer vacuolization and axonal degeneration involving posterior columns and lateral corticospinal tracts. has what condition
B12 deficiency
Xanthelasma is associated with what
- primary or secondary hyperlipidemia
- primary biliary cirrhosis
Psammoma bodies are seen in what
- Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
- Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
- Meningioma
- Malignant mesothelioma
Meningioma come from wha
arachnoid cells
symptoms for meningioma
- seizures or focal neurologic signs
Difference between subarachnoid hemorrhage and pituitary apoplexy
apoplexiy has bitemporal hemianopsia
patient with pituitary apoplexy can develop what organ collpase
cardiovascular
Hallmark of atopic dermatitis
intense pruritus
Normal pressure or Superior vena cava and Right atrium
- less than 5 mm Hg
normal pressure of right ventricle
25/5
pressure of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
4-12
Name 4 enzymes that eliminate free radicals
- superoxide dismutase
- Glutathione peroxidase
- catalase
The best and most reliable auscultatory indicator of the degree of mitral stenosis is
A2-OS interval
What drugs irreversibly binds to penicllin-binding proteins such as transpeptidase
- Penicillin
- cephalosporins
Transpeptidase
- form on penicillin-binding protein that function to cross-link peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall
mechanism of resistant for caphalosporins
structural change in peniclllin-binding proteins ( transpeptidase)
Pretreatment with propranolol before Epinephrine effects
gets rid of Beta effects on epinephrine
- leaving only alpha effects
