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Uworld > Test 94: Incorrect > Flashcards

Test 94: Incorrect Flashcards

1
Q

Koilocytosis is hallmark of what disease

A

HPV infection

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2
Q

Characterize Koilocytes

A
  • pyknotic, superficial or immature squamous cells with dense, irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear halo-like clearing
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3
Q

pyknotic

A

nuclear shrinkage

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4
Q

Genome for HPV

A

double-stranded, non- enveloped DNA virus

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5
Q

Actinomyces-like organisms appear how on pap smear

A

cotton candy

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6
Q

how does polyhydramnios present in a pregnant women

A

increased abdominal circumference out of proportion to gestational age

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7
Q

Fetal anomalies associated with Polyhydramnios are

A
  • GI obstruction ( duodenal, esophageal, or intestinal atresia)
  • anencephaly
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8
Q

Mother having what increases the risk of polyhydramnios

A
  • maternal diabetes

- multiple gestations

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9
Q

Selecting a group of individuals, determining their exposure status, and the following them over time for development of disease interest

A

Prospective cohort study

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10
Q

For leukocyte extravasation, what is used in rolling

A
  • L-selectin on neutrophils

- E-selectin/P-selectin on endothelial cells

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11
Q

how do neutrophils become firmly attached to endothelium

A

CD 18 beta 2 integrins ( mac-1 and LFA-1) to intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)

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12
Q

How do neutrophils migrate out of vasculature

A

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)

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13
Q

Some clinical features of leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A
  • absent pus formation

- delayed separation of umbilical cord

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14
Q

HPV 16 and 18 are strongly associated with what

A

anal and cervical squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

who is at greatest risk for anal carcinoma

A

gay men

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16
Q

Anterior nose bleeds occur in what area of nose

A

nasal septum known as Kiesselbach plexus

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17
Q

what is the source of posterior nose blleds

A

posterolateral branches

- severe and usually cannot be treated with cautery

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18
Q

5 year old girl’s skin becomes red and scaling with only minimal sun exposure. Skin is thin and hyper pigmented. Few nevi on her hands and have been rapidly growing. what does she have

A

xeroderma pigmentosum

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19
Q

What goes wrong in Falcon anemia

A

hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents

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20
Q

mutation in Rb is associated with what diseases

A
  • retinoblastoma

- osteosarcoma

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21
Q

what is the defect in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

defect in DNA excisional repair

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22
Q

Suspicious, distrustful, hypervigilant

A

paranoid

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23
Q

perfers to be a loner, detached, unemotional

A

Schizoid

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24
Q

Eccentric; odd thoughts, perceptions and behavior

A

Schizotypal

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25
Q

Disregard and violation of the rights of others

A

antisocial

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26
Q

Chaotic reltationships, sensitivity to abandonment labile mood, impulsivity, inner emptiness, self-harm

A

boderline

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27
Q

dramatic, superficial, attention-seeking

A

histrionic

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28
Q

Grandiosity, lack of empathy

A

Narcissistic

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29
Q

Avoidance due to fears of criticism and rejection

A

avoidant

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30
Q

Submissive, clingy, needs to be taken care of

A

Dependent

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31
Q

Rigid, controlling, perfectionistic

A

obsessive- compulsive

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32
Q

How is glucose transported in proximal tubule

A

sodium-coupled, carrier-mediated

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33
Q

what are the myeloproliferative disorders

A
  1. chronic myeloid leukemia
  2. Polycythemia vera
  3. essential thrombocythemia
  4. Myelofibrosis
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34
Q

What causes myelofibrosis? then what happens

A
  • neoplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes

- Megakaryocytes produce PDGF causing marrow fibrosis

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35
Q

Clinical features of myelofibrosis

A
  • pancytopenia
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Splenomegaly
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36
Q

Lab features of Myelofibrosis

A

tear drop cells

37
Q

Which chronic myeloproliferative disorders have a a JAK2 kinase mutation

A
  1. Myelofibrosis
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. polycythemia vera
38
Q

translocation for acute promyeloctic leukemia

A

15;17

39
Q

translocation for mantle cell lymphoma

A

11;14

40
Q

what type of drug is chlorpheniramine

A

fist-generation antihistamine

41
Q

first-generation antihistamines have what anti- properties

A
  1. antimuscarinic
  2. anti-alpha adrenergic
  3. anti-serotonergic
42
Q

How do anticholinergics impact eye

A

impair accommodation

43
Q

what aging process can cause isolated systolic hypertension

A
  • aortic stiffening

- stiffness of major peripheral arteries

44
Q

MOA for methimazole

A

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by suppressing iodination and coupling of tyrosine

45
Q

Some side effects for phenytoin

A
  • Gingival hyperplasia ( expresses PDGF)
  • cerebellum and vestibular system ( ataxia and nystagmus)
  • DRESS syndrome
46
Q

when does dystrophic calcification occur

A
  • all types of necrosis
  • normal calcium levels
  • secondary to chronic hemodynamic stress
47
Q

when does metastatic calcification occur

A

in normal tissue in setting of hypercalcemia

48
Q

Intracellular hemosiderin accumulation is seen in who

A
  • hemolytic anemia

- frequent transfusion

49
Q

Name 3 antibiotics that can disrupt the peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms

A
  • Penicillins,
  • cephalosporins
  • vancomycin
50
Q

role of peptidoglycan cell wall

A
  • ability to survive osmotic stress
51
Q

What type of drug is Cefuroxime

A

2nd generation cephalosporin

52
Q

drugs the inhibit 30S ribosomal subunit

A
  • tetracycline

- Aminoglycoside

53
Q

MAO of ciprofloxacin

A

inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

54
Q

drugs that inhibit 50S ribosomal subunit

A

Chloramphenical

Azithromycin

55
Q

Location for Blasomycosis

A

Eastern United States
Central America
- some states adjacent to and east of Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

56
Q

how does listeria survive intracellularly

A
  • lyse vacuolar membrane through action of listeriolysin O, pore forming toxin
57
Q

how does the body eliminate listeria from the body

A

cell-mediated immunity

58
Q

How does cholesterol leave the body

A
  1. excretion free cholesterol into bile

2. conversion of cholesterol into bile acids

59
Q

high levels of bile salts and phosphatidylcholine do what to cholesterol solubility

A

increase cholesterol solubility and decrease risk of gallstones

60
Q

Sudden upward jerking of the arm at the shoulder can cause injury to what

A

lower trunk of brachial plexus

61
Q

lower trunk of the brachial plexus carries nerve fibers from? nerves

A

C8 and T1

- median and ulnar nerves

62
Q

Functional defects of Klumpke palsy

A
  1. paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles

2. total claw hand deformity

63
Q

ACE normally does what to bradykinin

A

degrade it

64
Q

ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduce the risk of what disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes

A

chronic kidney diseae

65
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an embryonic derivative of what

A

6th aortic arch

66
Q

What is pterion region

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet in skull

67
Q

injury to pterion injury involves what artery, causing

A

middle meningeal artery

- epidural hematoma

68
Q

middle meningeal artery is a bunch of what artery

A

maxillary artery

69
Q

what substitution happens in sickle cell

A

valine for glutamic acid

70
Q

phenylalanine deletion is most common cause of what

A

cystic fibrosis

71
Q

What goes wrong in achalasia

A
  • disordered esophageal motility ( loss of auerbach plexus)

- inability to relax lower esophageal sphincter

72
Q

Spinal cord shows symmetric myelin layer vacuolization and axonal degeneration involving posterior columns and lateral corticospinal tracts. has what condition

A

B12 deficiency

73
Q

Xanthelasma is associated with what

A
  • primary or secondary hyperlipidemia

- primary biliary cirrhosis

74
Q

Psammoma bodies are seen in what

A
  • Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
  • Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
  • Meningioma
  • Malignant mesothelioma
75
Q

Meningioma come from wha

A

arachnoid cells

76
Q

symptoms for meningioma

A
  • seizures or focal neurologic signs
77
Q

Difference between subarachnoid hemorrhage and pituitary apoplexy

A

apoplexiy has bitemporal hemianopsia

78
Q

patient with pituitary apoplexy can develop what organ collpase

A

cardiovascular

79
Q

Hallmark of atopic dermatitis

A

intense pruritus

80
Q

Normal pressure or Superior vena cava and Right atrium

A
  • less than 5 mm Hg
81
Q

normal pressure of right ventricle

A

25/5

82
Q

pressure of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

A

4-12

83
Q

Name 4 enzymes that eliminate free radicals

A
  • superoxide dismutase
  • Glutathione peroxidase
  • catalase
84
Q

The best and most reliable auscultatory indicator of the degree of mitral stenosis is

A

A2-OS interval

85
Q

What drugs irreversibly binds to penicllin-binding proteins such as transpeptidase

A
  • Penicillin

- cephalosporins

86
Q

Transpeptidase

A
  • form on penicillin-binding protein that function to cross-link peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall
87
Q

mechanism of resistant for caphalosporins

A

structural change in peniclllin-binding proteins ( transpeptidase)

88
Q

Pretreatment with propranolol before Epinephrine effects

A

gets rid of Beta effects on epinephrine

- leaving only alpha effects

Uworld (63 decks)

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