Test 35: Pathology Flashcards
N-myc oncogene is seen in what
Neuroblastoma
- see increased number of n-myc
K-ras protooncogene mutation is responsible for what in colorectal cancer
increase in size of adenomatous polyps
mutation of WT-1 leads to development of what
Wilms tumor
role of p53 in colorectal cancer
malignant transformation of preexisting large adenomatous polyps
What is the clinical feature of fat embolism syndrome
- long bone and/or pelvic fracture
- acute-onset neurologic abnormalities
- hypoxemia
- petechial rash
axonal reaction
- increased protein synthesis that facilitates axon repair
- enlarged rounded cells with peripherally located nuclei
- dispersed finely granular nissel substance are seen
Irreversible neuronal injury looks like what
- shrinkage of the neuronal body
- deep eosinophilia of cytoplasm
- pyknosis of nucleus
- loss of nissl substances
A paraneoplastic syndrome of hypercoagulability may be seen in some patients with what
adenocarcinomas of pancreas, colon, or lung
Trousseau syndrome? what is it? what does it indicate?
- Superficial venous thromboses ( migratory superficial thrombophlebitis)
- indicates visceral cancer
What is mutated in congenital long QT syndrome
mutations in K+ channels
- decrease outflow K during phase 3
- prolonged action potential
how can a congenital long QT syndrome present
Torsades de pointes
syncope
seizure
sudden cardiac death
genetic defect in asymmetric hypertrophy of left ventricle occurring in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- cardiac myosin-binding protein C
2. cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain gene
2 characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy
- left ventricle dilation
2. systolic dysfunction
What is key clinical finding for acute tubular necrosis
granular “muddy brown” casts
oliguria
low urine output