Test 8-10: All Flashcards
What are lab values for Hereditary Spherocytosis
- increase mean corpuscular [hemoglobin]
- spherocytes on peripheral smear
- positive osmotic fragility test on acidifed glycerol lysis test
Hereditary spherocytosis results from red cell cytoskeleton abnormalities, most commonly of what
spectrin and ankyrin
what do spherocytes look like
- small, round RBC
- no central pallor
Spherocytes are prone to sequestration and subsequent accelerated destruction where
in spleen
what are some clinical features of hereditary spherocytosis
- hemolytic anemia
- jaundince
- splenomegaly
First trimester use of Valproate is a significant risk factor for what
neural tube defects
What can reduce risk of neural tube defect
periconceptional folate ( B9) supplementation
Lithium can cause what fetal problems
Ebstein anomaly
findings of hillier adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and non-caveating lung granulomas in an african american female has what
sarcoidosis
Th1 type CD4+ helper T cell make what cytokines
IL-2
IFN-gamma
Th2 type CD4+ helper T cell make what cytokines
IL-4
IL-5
COPD can cause hypoxia sufficient to stimulate
increased erythropoietin production by cortical cells of kidney
FRC increased or decreased in COPD
increased
So in biostats, if something asks for the probability, what is it most likely looking for
positive or negative predictive value
positive and negative predictive value changes with what
prevalence
how is Lesch-Nyhan inherited
X-linked recessive
Lesch-Nyhan is a deficiency in what
hypoxantine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)
Define N-myc
transcription factor
- Binds DNA
- gain of function
During skeletal muscle contraction, calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to what
Troponin C
name the dopaminergic pathways in the brain
- mesolimbinc and mesocortical pathways
- nigrostriatal pathway
- tuberoinfundibular pathway
role of mesolimbic and mesocortical pathway
regulate cognition and behavior
role of nigrostriatal pathway
coordination of voluntary movements
role of tuberoinfundibular pathway
inhibit prolactin secretion
What drug can disrupt the tuberoinfundibular pathway
D2 receptor blocking antipsychotics
arcuate fasciculus connects what
broca and wernicke
Disruption of hypothalamospinal tract can cause
ipsilateral horner sindrome
What drug inhibits IL-2 signal transduction ( prevents response to IL-2)
Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
MOA for Sirolimus
- binds to FKBP in cytoplams
- complex binds mTOR
- blocks IL-2
MOA for Bortezomib
binds and inhibits 26S proteasome
MOA for Mycophenolate
- reversibly inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
- preventing purine synthesis
MOA for Rituximab
antibody against CD20 antigen ( b lymphocyte)
When is Beta-hCG detected in serum during pregnancy
8 days after fertilization
When is Beta-hCH detected in mother urine during pregnancy
14 days after fertilization
A result is considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence interval does not cross the null value, which corresponds to what p-value
less than 0.05
What lab technique can be used to determine the carrier status of a prospective parent who has no history of sickle cell anemia
hemoglobin electrophoresis
Which cell is responsible for dense deposition of extracellular matrix and collagen in atherosclerotic plaque
Smooth muscle cells