Test 81: All Flashcards
5 day old newborn: multiple episodes of emesis, fewer breastfeedings, fewer wet diapers. Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension. Icteric lethargic baby with shrunken fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, and hepatomegaly. Heme studies show leukocytosis with bandemia. Hypoglycemia and elevated transaminases. Ammonia is normal. Atrial blood culture shows gram-negative rods
Galactosemia
What is wrong in galactosemia
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
treatment for galactosemia
- exclude galactose and lactose from diet
- switch to soy based formula
what does galactose-1-phosphate urdyltransferase convert
Galactose-1-P to Glucose-1-P
What does Staph. Epidermis produced
- adherent biofilms,
- extracellular polysaccharide matrix
most potent type of diuretic
loop diuretic
Loop and thiazide diuretics can cause what same side effects
- hypokalemia
- metabolic alkalosis
Who is more likely to get hyponaturemia loop or thiazaides
Thiazides
Which one is likely to cause hypercalcemia: thiazide or loop
thiazide
Renal drug that can cause metabolic acidosis in addiction to natriuresis
Acetazolamide
Renal drugs that can cause hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
Amiloride and Spironolactone
An increase in the activity of enzymes responsible for DNA synthesis signifies that the cell is in what phase
S phase
Role of Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein regulates what
G1 to S phase transition
What forms is Rb present in
Active: hypophosphorylated
inactive: hyperphosphoralted
What hyperphosphorylates Rb protein
Cycln D, E
CDK4,6
Hyperphosphorylated Rb releases what
E2F transcription factor ( allows cells to progress through cycle)
What dos hypophophorylated Rb bind to
E2F transcription factor,
- complex inhibits transcription of genes
RAS protein is apart of what
MAP-kinase signal
p27
protein cell cycle inhibitor
- during G1 phase
MOA for Minoxidil
Direct arteriolar vasodilator
what is Minoxidil used for
- androgenetic alopecia
- severe refractory hypertension
Arteriolar vasodilators can have what type of reflux
- Sympathetic activation: tachycardia
- Renin-angioteninsin-Aldosteroe : sodium and fluid retention
How does a complete mole form
empty ovum is fertilized by haploid sperm
- duplicate paternal genetic complement
Does complete mole contain fetal parts
no
how does a 46 XX complete mole form
Empty ovum with duplicated sperm
how does 46XY complete mole form
2 sperm with empty ovum
Child presents with long, narrow face, a prominent chin and forehead and large testes. what does the child most likely ahve
Fragile X syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos is a defective production of what
type V collagen
What causes Prader-Willi syndrome
imprinting
- paternal deletion of part of chromosome 15
When do you screen pregnant women for strep. agalactiae
35-37 weeks gestation
What is the treatment for strep. agalactiae
INTRAPARTUM antibiotics ( penicillin or ampicillin)
