Test 79-80: cardio embryology/physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by what

A

anteriosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common cause of early childhood cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What maneuver does a child do to for Tetralogy of fallot

A

squatting

  • increase after load
  • decreases right to left shunt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anomalous pulmonary venous return

A
  • blood from both pulmonary ( oxygenated) and systemic (deoxygenated) venous systems flow into right atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endocardial cushion defect causes what

A

atrioventricular septum and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Linear development of aorticopulomnary septum causes what

A

transposition of great arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An echocardiogram shows an aorta lying anterior to pulmonary artery is diagnostic for what

A

transposition of great arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes hypospadias

A

failure of urethral folds to fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of conotruncal separation results in

A

truncus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes patent foramen ovale

A

failure of septum premium and septum secundum to fuse after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between atrial septal defect and foramen ovale

A

atrial septal defect: septa missing tissue

Foramen ovale: not fusing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerve and structure for aortic arch 1

A

Trigeminal

Maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nerve and structure for aortic arch 2

A

Facial

Stapedial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nerve and structure for aortic arch 3

A

Glossopharyngeal
Common carotid artery
Prox. internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nerve and structure for 4 aortic arch

A

superior laryngeal branch of vagus

  • true aortic arch
  • subclavian arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nerve and structure for aortic arch 5

A

obliterated

17
Q

nerve and structure for aortic arch 6

A

Reccurent laryngeal branch of vagus
pulmonary arteries
ductus arteriosus

18
Q

Nitroprusside impact on preload, after load, and Stroke volume

A

decrease preload and after load

- same stroke volume

19
Q

How does exercise impact inotropy and TPR

A

increases ionotropy and decreases TPR to maximize cardiac output

20
Q

How do vasopressors impact on TPR

A

Increase TPR

21
Q

Effect of substance A and B together equal to sum of their individual drugs

A

addtitive

22
Q

Presence of substance A is required for full effects of substance B

A

Permissive

23
Q

Effect of substance A and B together is greater than the sum of their individual effects

A

Synergistic

24
Q

Acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration

A

tachyphylactic

25
Q

rank the cardiac action potential conduction speed from slowest to fastest

A

Park at Ventura Avenue

  • Purkenje
  • Atrial
  • Ventricle
  • AV node
26
Q

Bounding femoral pulses and carotid pulsations accompanied by head bobbing is what valve problem

A

aortic regurgitation

27
Q

Holosystolic murmur that increase in intensity in inpsiration more likely is what valve problem

A

tricuspid regurgitation

28
Q

MOA for Ivabradine

A
  • slows heart rate
  • no effect on cardiac contractility
  • inhibits funny sodium channels