Deck 100: Incorrect Flashcards
HPV strain for genital warts
6, 11
HPV strain for cervical, vaginal, vulvar and anal neoplasia
16,18
Genome for HPV
double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA
2 year old boy, easy bruising. skin extreme fragility. Hyper extensible skin, multiple ecchymoses over forearms and pretibial regions and an umbilical hernia?
Ehler-Danlos
what causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- deficiency in procollagen peptidase
Role of pro collagen peptidase
cleaves terminal pro peptides from pro collagen in the extracellular space
which amino acid is abundant in collagen
glycine
Heteroplasmy
- presence of both normal and mutated mtDNA
- resulting in variable expression in mitochondrially inherited disease
Leber heredistory optic neuropathy leads to
bilateral vision loss
Variable expressivity is
difference in severity of autosomal dominant disorders
Defective prechordal mesoderm fusion resulting in midline defects ( holoprosencephaly, microphthalmia, cleft lip/palate, omphalocele) as well as polydactyly and cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome
trisomy 13
triad for congenital rubella
- hearing loss
- cataracts
- cardiac defects
Ethanol inhibits what sugar process
gluconeogenesis
- cause hypoglycemia once hepatic glycogen stores are depleted
ethanol metabolism increases NADH/NAD+ ration in liver causing
- pyruvate to lacate
- oxaloacetate to malate
- dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3-phosphate ( hepatosteatosis )
Calcineruin activates what? then causes what
IL-2: promotes the growth and differentiation of T cells
Name immunosuppressants that inhibit Calcineurin activation
- cyclosporine
- tacrolimus
bcl-2 problem is seen in what disease
follicular lymphoma
role of E-cadherin
epithelial cell adhesion
Wilson disease can cause damage to what structures in the brain
- cystic degeneration of putamen and basal ganglia structures
amygdala plays a role in what system
limbic system
fear and some sympathetic stimulation
Direct factor Xa inhibitors change times how
- increase prothrombin and aPTT time
- no impact on thrombin
unfractionated heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors do what to time
prolong thrombin time
Most of the potassium filtered by the glomeruli is reabsorbed where
- proximal tubule
2. loop of Henle
how does constriction of efferent arterioles in kidney impact GFR, RPF and FF
- increase GFR
- Decrease RPF
- increase FF
equation for FF
GFR/RPF
What is projection?
immature defense mechanism involving misattribution of one’s acceptable feelings or thoughts to another person who does not actually have them
reaction formation
do the opposite of what you actually do
Tumor associated with past arsenic or polyvinyl chloride or thorotrast. CD 31 cell marker
liver angiosarcoma
prolonged exposure to loud noises causes hearing loss due to damage of what
stereo ciliated hair cells of the organ of corti
E. coli strain that causes neonatal meningitis has what virulence factor
K1 capsular antigen
Elderly patient with fever, hypotension, altered mental status and e. coli bacteremia has septic shock most likely due to
urinary tract infection
Indirect inguinal hernia is covered by what
all 3 spermatic fascia
direct inguinal hernia is covered by what
external spermatic fascia
Direct hernias go through
external superficial inguinal ring
indirect hernias go through
internal deep inguinal rink
external superficial inguinal ring
into scrotum
MOA of Flutamide
non-steroid anti-androgen
- competitive inhibitor of testosterone receptors
Flutamide is usually combined with what
Leuprolide
Name an Armotase inhibitor
Anastrozole
New-onset odynophagia is the setting of chronic gastroesophageal reflex disease usually indicates the presence of what
erosive esophagitis and formation of an ulcer
Odynophagia
pain with swallowing
Most likely cause of hypo chromic microcytic anemia
iron deficiency
what she be check in a child bearing age women and a post menopausal age women who has hypo chromic microcytic anemia
child bearing: iron deficiency
postmenopausal: blood loss
Vitamin K-depend coagulation factors are
II, VII, IX, X
which vitamin K dependent coagulation factor has the shortest half life
7
Good medication choice for febrile seizure
antipyretics
Name 2 antipyretic drugs
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
MOA of antipyretic
decrease levels of prostaglandin E2 in hypothalamus
how does trigeminal neuralgia present
brief episodes of sudden and severe “electric shock-lile” or “stabbing” pain in the distribution of CN V
drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
what is maintained normal during exercise
- arterial blood gas levels
- arterial pH near resting values
mechanism of resistance for vancomycin
substitution of D-lactate in place of D-alanine
role of supraspinatus
- abducts arm
- beer can test
role of infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm (external rotation) `
Role of trees minor
adduction and external rotation
Subscapularis
adduction and internal rotation
class IB antiarrhythmics bind to what channels
inactivated sodium channels
drug of choice in acute management of ventricular arrhythmias during MI
Amiodarone then lidocaine
Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled cysts
Seborrheic keratosis
characterize Lichen planus
- polygonal
- planar
- pruritic
- purplish
Xanthelasma
yellowish macule, papule or plaque found on eyelid
- associated with hyperlipidemia
Most common type of thyroid cancer
papillary thyroid cancer
fine-needle for papillary thyroid
- large cells with nuclei containing finely dispersed chromatin with a ground-glass appearance ( orphan Annie eye)
- intranuclear inclusions and grooves
Name 3 things that use Thiamine as cofactor
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogense
- transketolase
what can be used for treatment of bradycardia
atropine
common side effects of atropine for eye
increase intraocular pressure
- acute closed-angle glaucoma
integrins
transmembrane protein receptors that interact with extracellular matrix by binding to specific proteins ( collagen, fibronectin and laminin)
neurological complication of herpes zoster
localized dermatomal pain that persist for several months following zoster eruption
MOA for Rituximab
monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen
MOA for Infliximab
chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody to TNF alpha
IL-2 is used to treat what cancers
renal and melanoma
MOA for Imatinib
inhibitor of BCR/ABL protein kinase
Abciximab MOA
antibody against platelet GP IIb/IIIa
clinical presentation for kawasaki
CRASH and burn
- conjuctival injection
- rash
- adenopathy ( cervical)
- strawberry tongue
- hand-foot changes
- fever
complication of Kawasaki
- coronary artery aneurysms
