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Uworld > Test 13: All > Flashcards

Test 13: All Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Uterine Curettage for ectopic pregnancy

A
  • decidual changes in the endometrium due to progesterone secretion but no embryonic or trophoblastic tissue
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2
Q

most common cause of inherited intellectual disability

A

Fragile X syndrome

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3
Q

pathogenesis for fragile X syndrome

A

trinucleotide repeats CGG

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4
Q

key physical findings for fragile X syndrome

A
  • large jaw
  • protruding ears
  • long face
  • macroorchidism
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5
Q

what is frequently injured in retroperitoneal bleeding

A

pancreas

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6
Q

what compartment is the speed, liver, stomach and transverse colon located

A

intraperitoneal organs

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7
Q

What is common in pencicllins, cephalosporins and vancomysins

A

disrupt peptidoglycan cell wall of gram +, - organisms

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8
Q

Lesions of macular causes what type of scotomas

A

central scotomas

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9
Q

Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric activator of gluconeogenesis that acts by increasing the activity of what enzyme

A

pyruvate carboxlase

- allows pyruvate to be shunted toward acetyl-CoA production when Acetyl-CoA levels are low

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10
Q

can pyruvate be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate

A

no- pyruvate kinase is unidirectional

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11
Q

how is pyruvate converted to phosphoenopyruate

A

pyruvate to oxaloacetate catalyzed by pyruvate carboxyl’s in mitochondria

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12
Q

behavioral disorder of childhood characterized by argumentative and defiant behavior toward authority figures in absence of serous violation of social norms

A

oppositional defiant disorder

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13
Q

Repeptive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of other or societal norms

A

conduct disorder

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14
Q

Akathisia

A

inner restlessness and inability to sit or stand in one position

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15
Q

Akathisia can be a side effect for what drug

A

extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication

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16
Q

when is a test reliable

A

test is reproducible, gives similar results on repeat measurements

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17
Q

relate reliability and random error

A

reliability is maximal when random error is minimal

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18
Q

what causes coronary sinus to become dilated? most common factor

A
  • any factor that increases right atrial pressure

- pulmonary hypertension

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19
Q

explian the rapid onset of action and short duration of action for Propofol

A
  • diffuse across membranes fast

- redistributed to organs receiving less blood flow

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20
Q

inactivated (killed or component) viral vaccines predominantly generate what immune response

A

humoral immune response

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21
Q

live-attenuated viral vaccines generate what immune response

A
  • strong cell-mediated immune response

- humoral response

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22
Q

Maturing erythrocytes lose their ability to synthesize heme when they loose what

A

mitocondria

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens

A

CFTR gene mutation

24
Q

what is diagnostic for cystic fibrosis

A

elevated sweat chloride levels

25
Q

MOA for Ondansetron

A

inhibits serotonin receptors

26
Q

What is Ondansetron used for

A

nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy

27
Q

Branched-chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase requires what enzymes

A 
Tender Loving Care for Nancy 
Thiamine
Lipoate
Coenzyme A
FAD
NAD
28
Q

what has to be restricted for maple syrup urine disease

A

leucine, isoleucine, valine

29
Q

Pure red cell aplasia is associated with what other problems

A
  • thymoma
  • lymphocytic leukemias
  • parvovirus B19
30
Q

child has abnormal blue sclerae and a history of several fractures after only minimal trauma

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

31
Q

what causes osteogenesis imperfecta

A

deficiency or abnormality in type 1 collagen

32
Q

Defective mineralization of bone matrix is characteristic of

A

vitamin D deficiency

33
Q

What is the primary impairment of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

bone matrix formation

34
Q

Normal tracheal pO2 pressure is

A

150 mmHg

35
Q

normal alveolar pO2 is

A

104 mm Hg

36
Q

normal alveolar carbon dioxide pressure

A

40 mm Hg

37
Q

muscles used when sitting up from the supine position include

A
  1. external abdominal obliques
  2. rectus abdominis
  3. hip flexors
38
Q

what are the hip flexors

A
  1. psoas muscle
  2. psoas minor
  3. iliacus
39
Q

Muscles responsible for hip abduction

A
  • glutues medius

- gluteus minimus

40
Q

muscles responsible for hip adduction

A
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
41
Q

muscles for hip extension

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • bicep femoris - long head
42
Q

muscles for flexion of hip

A
  • iliopsoas
  • rectus femoris
  • tensor fascia lata
43
Q

Mycobacteria microscopically observed to grow in parallel chains ( “serpentine cords”). what is this called and what is the growth pattern mean for mycobacteria

A
  • cord factor

- virulence factor

44
Q

What is Trazodone

A

sedating antidepressant

- treat insomnia

45
Q

side effect of trazodone

A

priapism

46
Q

priapism

A

persistent erection of penis greater than 4 hours and not associated with sexual excitement

47
Q

Imipramine and clomipramine are what types of drugs

A

TCA

48
Q

What virulence factor inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation, mediates bacterial adherence and is a target of type-specific humoral immunity to S. progenies

A

Protein M

49
Q

antibodies against what enhances host defense against S progenies

A

protein M

50
Q

Duration of cauterization is the most significant risk factor for what

A

UTI

51
Q

what is the underlying mechanism of Zenker diverticulum

A

cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction

52
Q

Medullary thyroid cancer is a malignant cancer of what cells

A

parafollicular C cells

53
Q

Chromatin cells of adrenal medulla and parafollicular C cells of thyroid have what embryonic origin

A

neural crest tissue

54
Q

patient with severe hypertension, increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and metanephrines and an adrenal mass has

A

pheochromocytoma

55
Q

What cytokines and all the fun immune stuff is critical for the formation and maintanence of granulomas

A
  • interferon gamma
  • IL-12
  • TNF alpha
56
Q

Name everything that is neural crest derived

A

MOTEL PASS

  • Melanocytes
  • odntoblasts
  • tracheal cartilage
  • enterochromaffin cells
  • laryngeal cartilage
  • parafollicular cells
  • adrenal medulla
  • Schwann cells
  • spinal membrane
57
Q

in mycobacteria what do concomitant macrophage produce and what do activated marcophages produce

A
  • concomitant macrophages release IL-12
  • IL 12 induces T helper cells
  • mature T helper cells produce interferon gamma
  • activates macrophages which make TNF alpha

Uworld (63 decks)

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