Test 13: All Flashcards
what is the Uterine Curettage for ectopic pregnancy
- decidual changes in the endometrium due to progesterone secretion but no embryonic or trophoblastic tissue
most common cause of inherited intellectual disability
Fragile X syndrome
pathogenesis for fragile X syndrome
trinucleotide repeats CGG
key physical findings for fragile X syndrome
- large jaw
- protruding ears
- long face
- macroorchidism
what is frequently injured in retroperitoneal bleeding
pancreas
what compartment is the speed, liver, stomach and transverse colon located
intraperitoneal organs
What is common in pencicllins, cephalosporins and vancomysins
disrupt peptidoglycan cell wall of gram +, - organisms
Lesions of macular causes what type of scotomas
central scotomas
Acetyl-CoA is an allosteric activator of gluconeogenesis that acts by increasing the activity of what enzyme
pyruvate carboxlase
- allows pyruvate to be shunted toward acetyl-CoA production when Acetyl-CoA levels are low
can pyruvate be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate
no- pyruvate kinase is unidirectional
how is pyruvate converted to phosphoenopyruate
pyruvate to oxaloacetate catalyzed by pyruvate carboxyl’s in mitochondria
behavioral disorder of childhood characterized by argumentative and defiant behavior toward authority figures in absence of serous violation of social norms
oppositional defiant disorder
Repeptive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of other or societal norms
conduct disorder
Akathisia
inner restlessness and inability to sit or stand in one position
Akathisia can be a side effect for what drug
extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication
when is a test reliable
test is reproducible, gives similar results on repeat measurements
relate reliability and random error
reliability is maximal when random error is minimal
what causes coronary sinus to become dilated? most common factor
- any factor that increases right atrial pressure
- pulmonary hypertension
explian the rapid onset of action and short duration of action for Propofol
- diffuse across membranes fast
- redistributed to organs receiving less blood flow
inactivated (killed or component) viral vaccines predominantly generate what immune response
humoral immune response
live-attenuated viral vaccines generate what immune response
- strong cell-mediated immune response
- humoral response
Maturing erythrocytes lose their ability to synthesize heme when they loose what
mitocondria
What is the most common cause of congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens
CFTR gene mutation
what is diagnostic for cystic fibrosis
elevated sweat chloride levels
MOA for Ondansetron
inhibits serotonin receptors
What is Ondansetron used for
nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy
Branched-chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase requires what enzymes
Tender Loving Care for Nancy Thiamine Lipoate Coenzyme A FAD NAD
what has to be restricted for maple syrup urine disease
leucine, isoleucine, valine
Pure red cell aplasia is associated with what other problems
- thymoma
- lymphocytic leukemias
- parvovirus B19
child has abnormal blue sclerae and a history of several fractures after only minimal trauma
osteogenesis imperfecta
what causes osteogenesis imperfecta
deficiency or abnormality in type 1 collagen
Defective mineralization of bone matrix is characteristic of
vitamin D deficiency
What is the primary impairment of osteogenesis imperfecta
bone matrix formation
Normal tracheal pO2 pressure is
150 mmHg
normal alveolar pO2 is
104 mm Hg
normal alveolar carbon dioxide pressure
40 mm Hg
muscles used when sitting up from the supine position include
- external abdominal obliques
- rectus abdominis
- hip flexors
what are the hip flexors
- psoas muscle
- psoas minor
- iliacus
Muscles responsible for hip abduction
- glutues medius
- gluteus minimus
muscles responsible for hip adduction
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
muscles for hip extension
- gluteus maximus
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- bicep femoris - long head
muscles for flexion of hip
- iliopsoas
- rectus femoris
- tensor fascia lata
Mycobacteria microscopically observed to grow in parallel chains ( “serpentine cords”). what is this called and what is the growth pattern mean for mycobacteria
- cord factor
- virulence factor
What is Trazodone
sedating antidepressant
- treat insomnia
side effect of trazodone
priapism
priapism
persistent erection of penis greater than 4 hours and not associated with sexual excitement
Imipramine and clomipramine are what types of drugs
TCA
What virulence factor inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation, mediates bacterial adherence and is a target of type-specific humoral immunity to S. progenies
Protein M
antibodies against what enhances host defense against S progenies
protein M
Duration of cauterization is the most significant risk factor for what
UTI
what is the underlying mechanism of Zenker diverticulum
cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction
Medullary thyroid cancer is a malignant cancer of what cells
parafollicular C cells
Chromatin cells of adrenal medulla and parafollicular C cells of thyroid have what embryonic origin
neural crest tissue
patient with severe hypertension, increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and metanephrines and an adrenal mass has
pheochromocytoma
What cytokines and all the fun immune stuff is critical for the formation and maintanence of granulomas
- interferon gamma
- IL-12
- TNF alpha
Name everything that is neural crest derived
MOTEL PASS
- Melanocytes
- odntoblasts
- tracheal cartilage
- enterochromaffin cells
- laryngeal cartilage
- parafollicular cells
- adrenal medulla
- Schwann cells
- spinal membrane
in mycobacteria what do concomitant macrophage produce and what do activated marcophages produce
- concomitant macrophages release IL-12
- IL 12 induces T helper cells
- mature T helper cells produce interferon gamma
- activates macrophages which make TNF alpha
