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Uworld > Test 58: All > Flashcards

Test 58: All Flashcards

1
Q

Role of T tubules

A
  • transmit depolarization signals to sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • trigger release of calcium
  • ensure coordinated contraction of all myofibrils
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2
Q

How can Aspergillus present in the lung

A

“fungus ball”

Colonizes pre-existing lung cavities

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3
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is seen in who

A

asthma and cystic fibrosis patients

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4
Q

type of bias: investigator’s decision is affected by pro knowledge of exposure status

A

observer bias

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5
Q

Type of bias: subjects are selected for a study or from selective losses during follow-up

A

selection bias

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6
Q

type of bias: inaccurate patient recall of past exposure

A

Recall bias

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7
Q

type of bias: apparent prolongation of survival in patients who underwent a screening test that allowed for earlier diagnosis but did not improve prognosis

A

lead-time bias

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8
Q

what is confounding

A

at least part of the exposure-disease relationship can be explained by another variable

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9
Q

What is cohort study?

A

determine risk factor and then follow patient over time to see if they develop the disease

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10
Q

study designed by selecting patients with a particular disease and without the disease and then determine their previous exposure status

A

case-control study

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11
Q

Fixed splitting of S2 is found in what defect

A

atrial septal defect

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12
Q

Physical findings for Eisenmenger syndrome

A

clubbing and polycythemia

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13
Q

What is an irreversible change that occurs in Eisenmenger syndrome

A

pulmonary vessels

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14
Q

what pharmacologic receptor antagonists help clear asthma

A
  1. acetylcholine antagnost

2. Leukotirenes ( LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

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15
Q

Name 2 leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists used in asthma

A
  1. Zafirlukast

2. Montelukast

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16
Q

Name an antimuscarinic agent that blocks M3 receptors in airway smooth muscle and submucosal glands

A

Ipratropium

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17
Q

MOA of Milrinone

A

phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 enzyme inhibitor

- increase cAMP

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18
Q

placed a chest tube through the skin and subcutaneous fat into 4th or 5th intercostal space in anterior axillary or midaxillary line goes through that muscle for drainage of pleural effusion

A
  • serratus anterior
  • intercostal muscles
  • parietal pleura
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19
Q

Pernicious anemia ( vitamin B12 Deficiency) is caused by what autoimmune problem

A
  • destruction of parietal cells ( chronic atrophic gastritis)
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20
Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A
  • HCl

- intrinsic factor

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21
Q

in the stomach layers what does the upper glandular layer and the deeper aspect of gastric glands secrete

A

upper: parietal cells
deeper: pepsinogen, chief cells

22
Q

what phase are primary oocytes in females still in womb

A

prophase of meiosis I

23
Q

prior to fertilization, secondary oocytes are arrested in what phase

A

metaphase of meiosis II

24
Q

What is the most common cause of lung abscesses

A

anaerobic bacteria from gingivodental sulcus

25
Q

A significent mismatched defect on ventilation-perfusion scan is a specific finding for

A

pulmonary embolism

26
Q

Gold standard for pulmonary embolism

A

pulmonary angiography

- costly and treatment delay

27
Q

When body mounts a response against mycoplasma it also attacks what

A

RBCs leading to anemia causing cold agglutinins

28
Q

2 pyruvate deficiencies that cause anemia

A
  1. glucose-6-phosphate

2. pyruvate kinase deficiency

29
Q

BH4 tetrahydrobiopterin is an important cofactor for what

A
  1. phenylalanine hydroxylase

2. tyrosine hydroxylase

30
Q

1 day old child has hyperphenylalaemia and elevated prolactin what what

A

deficiency of dihydrobiopterin reductase BH4

31
Q

Tyrosinase deficiency causes

A

albinism

32
Q

Of the 5 major transmembrane glucose transport proteins ( GLUTs), which one is responsive to insulin

A

GLUT 4

33
Q

Where is GLUT-4 predominantly expressed

A
  1. skeletal muscle cells

2. adipocytes

34
Q

Name bacteria’s that produce IgA protease

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. H. influenza
  3. Neisseria
35
Q

Clinical feature of disseminated gonorrheal infecton

A
  1. arthritis
  2. dermtitis
  3. tenosynovitis
36
Q

The patient should be advised to expect what during the first month following a vasectomy

A

viable sperm remain in portion of vas deferent distal to ligation.

37
Q

Limited Scleroderma is associated with what syndrome

A

CREST syndrome

38
Q

What is CREST syndrome

A 
Caclinosis
Raynaud phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility 
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
39
Q

CREST syndrome is associated with what antibody

A

anit-centromere antibody

40
Q

What antibody is specific for systemic sclerosis

A

anti-DNA topoisomerase

41
Q

Anti-histone antibodies are specific for

A

drug induced lupus

42
Q

anti-dsDNA antibodies specific for

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

43
Q

Anti-Ro-/SSA and Anti-La/SSB are specific for

A

Sjogren syndrome

44
Q

Definition of Menopause

A

permanent cessation of menses for 12 months

45
Q

What hormone is increased in menopause

A

FSH

46
Q

What is Meckel Diverticulum

A

remnant of omphalomesenteric ( vitelline) duct

47
Q

What may the Meckel diverticulum contain

A
  • ectopic acid-secreting gastric mucosa

- pancreatic tissue

48
Q

role of ferritin

A

cellular iron storage protein

49
Q

role of transferrin

A
  • transport iron through the plasma
50
Q

during states of iron deficiency are what levels of transferrin in a female with irregular menses

A

high

Uworld (63 decks)

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