test 11-12: All Flashcards
Thyroid peroxidase is responsible for what
- oxidation of iodide to iodine
- iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues
- iodotyrosine coupling reaction that forms T3 and T4
Hashimoto thyroiditis has antibodies against what
thyroid peroxidase
equation for power
1 - beta
define power
probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is truly false
- blinded by truth
Streak ovaries, amenorrhea, infertility are gynecologic complications of
Turner syndrome
Heart problem associated with Turner
biscuspid aortic valve
hemolytic disease of the newborn most commonly occurs from what
maternal sensitization to Rh antigens during a prior pregnancy with an Rh(D)+ fetus
Haemophilus influenzae is a “blood-loving” organism hat requires what extra stuff for growth
Hematin and NAD+
Homophiles can be grown with what other bacteria, “satellite phenomenon”
Staph. aureus
Function of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes
- 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (remove RNA primer)
- 5’ to 3’ polymerase
- 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
Fabry disease is deficiency in what
alpha-galactoside A deficiency
what accumulates in Fabry disease
- sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide
what are early manifestations of Fabry disease
- neuropathic pain and angiokeratomas
What are adulthood complications of Fabry disease
glomerular, cerebrovascular complications
What are the important steps in the workup of metabolic alkalosis
volume status and checking urine chloride
Name 4 things that cause metabolic alkalosis
- loop diuretics
- vomiting
- antacid use
- hyperaldosteronism
Another name for radial head subluxation
nursemaid’s elbow
what is nursemaid’s elbow
sudden traction on outstretched and pronated arm of a child.
- annular ligament is torn and displaced
Lateral ankle sprain is due to inversion of plantar-flexed foot and involves what ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
Ankle flexion sprain damages what
achilles tendon
Eversion sprain damages what
medial deltoid ligament is very strong so damage medial malleolus
Amniocentesis is performed on a 35 year old pregnant women. the phospholipid content of the amniotic fluid is determined in order to check for
fetal lung maturity
fetal lungs are considered mature when they are producing adequate surfactant to yield what ratio
Lecithin /Sphingomyelin greater than 2
lecithin is what type of molecule? another name
phospholipid
- phosphatidylcholine
2 functions for Type II pneumocytes
- regeneration of alveolar lining following injury
2. surfactant production
what can cause reactive arthritis and what does joint aspirate reveal?
infections (chlamydia, campylobacter, salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia)
- sterile arthritis due to deposition of immune complexes
-
Diphtheriae is cluttered on what agar
cysteine-tellurite agar
- results in black color
What does diphtheria produce what can be detected by what
- polyphosphate granules ( metachromatic granlues)
- methylene blue staining
MOA for methacholine
muscarinic cholinergic agonist
- bronchial smooth muscle contraction
name some atopic diseases
dermatitis
asthma
allergic rhinitis
food allergies
in addition to blocking histamine receptors, first-generation antihistamines have what other properties
- antimuscarinic
- anti-alpha adrenergic
- anti-serotonergic properties
Anticholinergic effects on ocular ciliary muscles impairs what
accommodation and cause blurring of vision for close objects
the cardiorespiratory response to exercise includes
- increase HR, CO, RR
- constant arterial blood gas values
- venous oxygen decreased
- venous CO2 increased
In the United States, bats are a main source of what
rabies
agitation and spasms progressing to coma with weeks of exposure to bats is strongly suggestive of what
rabies encephalitis
what is used for prevention for individuals at high risk for exposure to rabid animals or their tissue
prophylactic inactivated vaccination
Primary adverse effects of Niacin are
flushing
hyperglycemia
hepatotoxicity
primary side effects of statins
myopathy
hepatitis
Fibrates ( gemfibrozil) side effects
- impair hepatic clearance of statins and increase risk of severe myopathy
equation for number needed to harm
1/ attributable risk
equation for attributable risk
difference between in risk between exposed and unexposed groups
interstitial myocardial granulomas are also called? what causes them
Aschoff bodies
- due to acute rheumatic fever
what do aschoff bodies contain
- plump macrophages with abundant cytoplasm and central, slender ribbons of chromatin ( anitschkow or caterpillar cells)
what is used as a marker for mast cell activation
tryptase
high affinity IgE receptor is found on the surface of what cells
mast and basophil cells
what mechanism triggers vasoactive substance release by mass cells
receptor aggregation
What hormones use protein kinase A
FLAT ChAMP FSH LH ACTH TSH CRH hCG ADH MSH PTH glucagon, calcitonin, GHRH
equation for clearance
([urine][urine flow rate] / [plasma])
what nerve did i damage: sensory loss over the lateral shoulder and weakness on shoulder abduction
axillary
long-standing pattern of eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, perceptual distortions, and social anxiety despite familiarity
schizotypal
what nerve is at risk of injury during thyroidectomy? what vessels is it near
- external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
- superior thyroid artery and vein
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates what muscle
cricothyroid
Lesions of the occipital cortex ( posterior cerebral artery occlusion) can produce what visual defect
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
What has the strongest and most predictable effects on inflammaotry component of asthma
Corticosteroids ( Fluticasone)
drug of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Clozapine
treatment with clozapine requires monitoring of what
absolute neutrophil count due to risk of agranulocytosis
Tetanospasmin blocks the release of what neurotransmitter
GABA
glycine
Name 4 things that characterize SIADH
- low plasma sodium
- osmolality
- concentrated urine
- normal body fluid volume
An important cause of SIADH is what
paraneoplastic effect secondary to small cell carcinoma of lungs
what are markers of hemolysis
- lactase dehydrogenase
- reticulocytosis
- decreased haptoglobin
what is a distinguishing lab value for hereditary spherocytsisi
no central pallor
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is increased ( due to dehydration of RBC)
what is the most commonly transmitted bacteria transmitted through food ingestions and can cause meningitis in immunocompromised adults
listeriosis
gram-positive rod with tumbling motility
listeria
where can listera grow and makes it unique
cold temperature, can contaminate refrigerated food
Being vaccinated for H. flu does not cover what?
- nontypable strains
- capsular strains other than type b
A cystic tumor in the cerebellum of a child is most likely what
pilocytic astrocytoma
histo for pilocytic astrocytoma
- spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with micro cysts.
- mixed with Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies
Name 5-alpha reducatase inhibitors
Finasteride
Dutasteride
emotions are transferred from the person or object causing the negative emotions to a more neutral, personally acceptable person or object
displacement
triad for serotonin syndrome
- autonomic instability
- altered mental status
- neuromuscular irritability
how can Linzeolid precipitate serotonin syndrome
Linezolid has MAOI activity
-mab
monoclonal antibody
-cept
receptor molecule
-nib
kinase inhibitor
MOA for Anastrozole
aromatase inhibitors
- decrease synthesis of estrogen from androgens
Why is maternal serum quadruple screen performed
asses risk of congenital defects in fetuses
what is a cause for inaccurate pregnancy dating
history of irregular menses
