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Uworld > test 11-12: All > Flashcards

test 11-12: All Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid peroxidase is responsible for what

A
  • oxidation of iodide to iodine
  • iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues
  • iodotyrosine coupling reaction that forms T3 and T4
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2
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis has antibodies against what

A

thyroid peroxidase

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3
Q

equation for power

A

1 - beta

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4
Q

define power

A

probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is truly false
- blinded by truth

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5
Q

Streak ovaries, amenorrhea, infertility are gynecologic complications of

A

Turner syndrome

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6
Q

Heart problem associated with Turner

A

biscuspid aortic valve

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7
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn most commonly occurs from what

A

maternal sensitization to Rh antigens during a prior pregnancy with an Rh(D)+ fetus

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8
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is a “blood-loving” organism hat requires what extra stuff for growth

A

Hematin and NAD+

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9
Q

Homophiles can be grown with what other bacteria, “satellite phenomenon”

A

Staph. aureus

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10
Q

Function of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotes

A
  1. 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (remove RNA primer)
  2. 5’ to 3’ polymerase
  3. 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
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11
Q

Fabry disease is deficiency in what

A

alpha-galactoside A deficiency

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12
Q

what accumulates in Fabry disease

A
  • sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide
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13
Q

what are early manifestations of Fabry disease

A
  • neuropathic pain and angiokeratomas
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14
Q

What are adulthood complications of Fabry disease

A

glomerular, cerebrovascular complications

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15
Q

What are the important steps in the workup of metabolic alkalosis

A

volume status and checking urine chloride

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16
Q

Name 4 things that cause metabolic alkalosis

A
  1. loop diuretics
  2. vomiting
  3. antacid use
  4. hyperaldosteronism
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17
Q

Another name for radial head subluxation

A

nursemaid’s elbow

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18
Q

what is nursemaid’s elbow

A

sudden traction on outstretched and pronated arm of a child.
- annular ligament is torn and displaced

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19
Q

Lateral ankle sprain is due to inversion of plantar-flexed foot and involves what ligament

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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20
Q

Ankle flexion sprain damages what

A

achilles tendon

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21
Q

Eversion sprain damages what

A

medial deltoid ligament is very strong so damage medial malleolus

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22
Q

Amniocentesis is performed on a 35 year old pregnant women. the phospholipid content of the amniotic fluid is determined in order to check for

A

fetal lung maturity

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23
Q

fetal lungs are considered mature when they are producing adequate surfactant to yield what ratio

A

Lecithin /Sphingomyelin greater than 2

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24
Q

lecithin is what type of molecule? another name

A

phospholipid

- phosphatidylcholine

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25
Q

2 functions for Type II pneumocytes

A
  1. regeneration of alveolar lining following injury

2. surfactant production

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26
Q

what can cause reactive arthritis and what does joint aspirate reveal?

A

infections (chlamydia, campylobacter, salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia)
- sterile arthritis due to deposition of immune complexes
-

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27
Q

Diphtheriae is cluttered on what agar

A

cysteine-tellurite agar

- results in black color

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28
Q

What does diphtheria produce what can be detected by what

A
  • polyphosphate granules ( metachromatic granlues)

- methylene blue staining

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29
Q

MOA for methacholine

A

muscarinic cholinergic agonist

- bronchial smooth muscle contraction

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30
Q

name some atopic diseases

A

dermatitis
asthma
allergic rhinitis
food allergies

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31
Q

in addition to blocking histamine receptors, first-generation antihistamines have what other properties

A
  1. antimuscarinic
  2. anti-alpha adrenergic
  3. anti-serotonergic properties
32
Q

Anticholinergic effects on ocular ciliary muscles impairs what

A

accommodation and cause blurring of vision for close objects

33
Q

the cardiorespiratory response to exercise includes

A
  • increase HR, CO, RR
  • constant arterial blood gas values
  • venous oxygen decreased
  • venous CO2 increased
34
Q

In the United States, bats are a main source of what

A

rabies

35
Q

agitation and spasms progressing to coma with weeks of exposure to bats is strongly suggestive of what

A

rabies encephalitis

36
Q

what is used for prevention for individuals at high risk for exposure to rabid animals or their tissue

A

prophylactic inactivated vaccination

37
Q

Primary adverse effects of Niacin are

A

flushing
hyperglycemia
hepatotoxicity

38
Q

primary side effects of statins

A

myopathy

hepatitis

39
Q

Fibrates ( gemfibrozil) side effects

A
  • impair hepatic clearance of statins and increase risk of severe myopathy
40
Q

equation for number needed to harm

A

1/ attributable risk

41
Q

equation for attributable risk

A

difference between in risk between exposed and unexposed groups

42
Q

interstitial myocardial granulomas are also called? what causes them

A

Aschoff bodies

- due to acute rheumatic fever

43
Q

what do aschoff bodies contain

A
  • plump macrophages with abundant cytoplasm and central, slender ribbons of chromatin ( anitschkow or caterpillar cells)
44
Q

what is used as a marker for mast cell activation

A

tryptase

45
Q

high affinity IgE receptor is found on the surface of what cells

A

mast and basophil cells

46
Q

what mechanism triggers vasoactive substance release by mass cells

A

receptor aggregation

47
Q

What hormones use protein kinase A

A 
FLAT ChAMP 
FSH
LH 
ACTH
TSH 
CRH
hCG
ADH
MSH
PTH 
glucagon, calcitonin, GHRH
48
Q

equation for clearance

A

([urine][urine flow rate] / [plasma])

49
Q

what nerve did i damage: sensory loss over the lateral shoulder and weakness on shoulder abduction

A

axillary

50
Q

long-standing pattern of eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, perceptual distortions, and social anxiety despite familiarity

A

schizotypal

51
Q

what nerve is at risk of injury during thyroidectomy? what vessels is it near

A
  • external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

- superior thyroid artery and vein

52
Q

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates what muscle

A

cricothyroid

53
Q

Lesions of the occipital cortex ( posterior cerebral artery occlusion) can produce what visual defect

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

54
Q

What has the strongest and most predictable effects on inflammaotry component of asthma

A

Corticosteroids ( Fluticasone)

55
Q

drug of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia

A

Clozapine

56
Q

treatment with clozapine requires monitoring of what

A

absolute neutrophil count due to risk of agranulocytosis

57
Q

Tetanospasmin blocks the release of what neurotransmitter

A

GABA

glycine

58
Q

Name 4 things that characterize SIADH

A
  1. low plasma sodium
  2. osmolality
  3. concentrated urine
  4. normal body fluid volume
59
Q

An important cause of SIADH is what

A

paraneoplastic effect secondary to small cell carcinoma of lungs

60
Q

what are markers of hemolysis

A
  1. lactase dehydrogenase
  2. reticulocytosis
  3. decreased haptoglobin
61
Q

what is a distinguishing lab value for hereditary spherocytsisi

A

no central pallor

- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is increased ( due to dehydration of RBC)

62
Q

what is the most commonly transmitted bacteria transmitted through food ingestions and can cause meningitis in immunocompromised adults

A

listeriosis

63
Q

gram-positive rod with tumbling motility

A

listeria

64
Q

where can listera grow and makes it unique

A

cold temperature, can contaminate refrigerated food

65
Q

Being vaccinated for H. flu does not cover what?

A
  • nontypable strains

- capsular strains other than type b

66
Q

A cystic tumor in the cerebellum of a child is most likely what

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

67
Q

histo for pilocytic astrocytoma

A
  • spindle cells with hair-like glial processes that are associated with micro cysts.
  • mixed with Rosenthal fibers and granular eosinophilic bodies
68
Q

Name 5-alpha reducatase inhibitors

A

Finasteride

Dutasteride

69
Q

emotions are transferred from the person or object causing the negative emotions to a more neutral, personally acceptable person or object

A

displacement

70
Q

triad for serotonin syndrome

A
  1. autonomic instability
  2. altered mental status
  3. neuromuscular irritability
71
Q

how can Linzeolid precipitate serotonin syndrome

A

Linezolid has MAOI activity

72
Q

-mab

A

monoclonal antibody

73
Q

-cept

A

receptor molecule

74
Q

-nib

A

kinase inhibitor

75
Q

MOA for Anastrozole

A

aromatase inhibitors

- decrease synthesis of estrogen from androgens

76
Q

Why is maternal serum quadruple screen performed

A

asses risk of congenital defects in fetuses

77
Q

what is a cause for inaccurate pregnancy dating

A

history of irregular menses

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