Deck 101: Incorrect Flashcards
role of IL-2
stimulate: T and B cells
Natural killer cells
monocytes
MOA of Latanoprost on eye
increase outflow of aqueous humor
when does loss of cardiomyocyte contractility occur after the onset of total ischemia
within 60 seconds
Pick’s disease another name
frontotemperoal dementia
describe pick’s disease
- changes in personality, social behavior, and language that progress over time to a more global dementia with obvious neurocognitive deficits
Role of parietal cortex
- integrating sensory information
What enzyme has been linked to forms of colon adenocarcinoma
cyclooxygenase -2
what phases secrete gastric acid secretion
- caphalic and gastric phases
what phase reduces gastric acid secretion
intestinal influences
what type of cells regenerate alveolar lining following injury and surfactant production
Type II pneumocytes
cephalosporin resistant organisms
- listeria
- MRSA
- enterococci
- atypicals ( mycoplasma, chlamydia)
treatment for listeria
Ampicillin
For the negative predictive value graph on page 33. area under graph represents what
TN, FN, FP, TP
tRINA contain what modified bases
- dihydrouridine
- ribothymidine
- pseudouridine
what is at the 3’ end of tRNA
CCA ( Can Carry Amino acids)
- amino acid binding site
role of T loops for tRNA
binds to ribosomes
Decreased lung volumes and increased lung elastic recoil is
interstitial lung disease
increased elastic recoil results in what in restrictive lung disease
- increase radial traction ( outward pulling) on airways
- increase expiratory flow rates when corrected for low lung volume
Pleiotropy
multiple phenotypic manifestations result from a single genetic mutation
Skeletal abnormalities, lens dislocation, intellectual deficits, vascular thromboses, and a genetic defect in cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme
homocytsinuria
segration
- offspring inherits only half of each parent’s genetic composition
polyploidy
2 complete sets of homologous chromosomes exist within an organism
69XXX
locus heterogeneity
ability of one disease or trait to be caused by mutations in multiple different genes
genetic linkage
tendency of alleles located near one another on the same chromosomes to be inherited jointly
Patient who has new-onset neurologic symptoms, anemia with schixtocytes, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury likely has what
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
TTP , what goes wrong
impaired function of ADAMTS13, von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease
symptoms for thrombotic thrombocytipenic purpora
FAT RN Fever Anemia ( hemolytic) Thrombocytopenia renal symptoms neurologic
physical signs of stimulant intoxication inlcude
tachycardia hypertension hyperthermia diaphoresis mydriasis
Schizophreniform disorder
- 2 or more psychotic symptoms lasting 1-6 months
aneurysmal compression of CN III has what symptoms
- mydriasis
- ptosis
- “down and out” deviation
what lies immediately deep to the tip of the 12th rib
left kidney
Leads I and aVL correspond to what part of the heart and supplied by
- lateral aspect of left ventricle
- left cirumflex artery
Pulsus paradoxus
decrease in systolic blood pressure of less than 10 mm Hg with inspiration
When can pulses paradoxes occur
- cardiac tomponade
- asthma
- COPD
- constrictive pericarditis
explain pulses paradoxes in cardiac tamponde
- inspire
- increase preload
- increase RV filling
- interventricular septum shifts into LV
- decrease LVEDV
- decrease systolic blood pressure
Most common causes of pulses paradoxes in the absence of significant pericardial disease
asthma
COPD
what type of beta drugs are used for asthma and COPD
beta-adrenergic agonists
- increase cAMP
What causes accumulation of androgens during pregnancy, resulting in ambiguous external genitalia in female infants and maternal virilization
placental aromatase deficiency
gonadal artery arises from what artery
abdominal aorta
St. John’s wort does what to P450
induces cytochrome P450
Name the CYP 450 inhibitos
CRACK AMIGOS
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ritonavir
- Amiodarne
- Cimetidine
- Keoconazole
- Acute EtOH
- Macrolide
- INH
- Grapefruit
- Omeprazole
- Sulfonamides
Name the CYP 450 inhibitors
Guiness, Coronas, PBR cause Chronic Alcoholism
- Griseofulvin
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytion
- Barbituates
- Rifampin
- St. John Wart
- Chronic Etoh
why is carbidopa added to levodopa
reduce peripheral side effects of levodopa
- behavioral changes from levodopa can actually worsen with addition of carbidopa because dopamine becomes available to the brain
Rifampin, phenobarbital, and phenytoin CYP450 what
enhancers
Irritability, dystonia, poor feeding, and a “maple syrup” scent to the patient’s urine within the first few days of life
maple syrup urine disease
dietary restriction of maple syrup urine
restrict branched- chain amino acids
leucine, isoluecine and valine
1st pharyngeal arch
- trigeminal nerve ( 2/3)
- mandible
- maxilla
- zygoma
- incus
- malleus
second pharyngeal arh
- facial nerve
- stapes
- styloid process
- lesser horn of hyoid
muscular derivatives of 2nd pharyngeal arch
muscles of facial expression
muscular derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch
- muscles of mastication
Treacher-Collins syndrome
abnormal development of first and 2nd arch
glossopharyngeal nerve is derived from what arch
third
lesser hyoid bone derived from
2nd arch
greater horn of hyoid derived from
3rd arch
microcytic anemia and increased hemoglobin A2 concentration. Peripheral blood smear shows hypochromia and poikilocytes, including spherocytes and target cells. In asymptomatic adult of Italian american patient
beta-thalassemia minor
alpha thalassemia in common in who
southeast Asia
Beta-thalassemia is caused by what process
- caused by a variety of DNA mutations affecting the transcription, processing and translation of beta-globin mRNA
Drug continuous infusion of a drug metabolized by first-order kinetics, the steady state concentration is reach when
4 to 5 half lives
Propionyl CoA is derived from what amino acids
Valine Ile Met The - odd numbered fatty acids - cholesterol side chains
what does propionyl CoA carboxylase convert
propionyl CoA to methylmalonyl CoA
- develops propionic acidemia
chronic kidney disease with mineral bone disease what have levels of phosphate, PTH, calcitriol
- phosphate increased
- hyperparathyroidism
- decrease calcitriol
circulating IgG4 antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor ( transmembrane protein abundant on podocytes)
membranous nephropathy
Patients who experience major depressive and hypomanic episodes are diagnosed with what
bipolar II disorder
in contrast to manic epidsodes, hypomanic episodes are
- less severe
- do not involve psychosis
- lesser degree of functional impairment
patient with recurrent vaginal Candida infections, weight loss, diarrhea, generalized lymphadenopathy and thrush likely has
HIV
BK virus causes
nephropathy
sunlight exposure catalyses conversation of what for vitamin D
7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol in skin
