Test 64: All Flashcards
Normal A-a gradient for lung
5-15 mmHg
What is an important cause of hypoxemia with normal alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
c-Jun is what type of protein
DNA-binding protein
Southwestern blotting is used to detect what
DNA-binding proteins
- transcription factors, nucleases, and histones
S-100 is a marker for what type of cell
neural crest derivation
Positive predictive equation
TP / (TP+FP)
What is MOA of Abacavir and Use
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- HIV/AIDS
Abacavir hypersensitivity reaction occurs with an associated with what
HLA-B*57:01 allele
Patient has microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia? treatment
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia
- plasma exchange
What is wrong in thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
decrease ADAMTS13
patient has cyst on back of neck, lymphedema, diminished femoral pulses , what does she have
Turner syndrome
What is Turner syndrome
45X
- loss of paternal chromosome X
Rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
MOA for supraspinatous
- shoulder abduction
MOA for infraspinatus
external rotation
MAO for teres minor
adduction and external rotation
MOA subscapularis
adduction and internal rotation
3 things that stimulate gastric acid secretion in stomach
- histamine
- acetylcholine
- gastrin
What is systemic mastocytosis
clonal mast cell proliferation
- release histamine
Clinical features of histoplasmosis
oral ulcers
lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
Patient with HIV, with seizures and mulitple ring-enhancing lesions with mass effect has what
cerebral toxoplasmosis
Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii
Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine
What is the second most common cause of ring-enhancing lesions with mass effect in HIV
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Primary central nervous system lymphoma is composed of what
B-lymphocytes
Location of cortisol receptor
corticosteroid-binding globulin
- intracellular receptor
what is the main treatment for malaria
- Chloroquine
- if resistant use Mefloquine
Red blood cells filled with multiple, smaller rings suggest what
Plasmodium infection
a drug that binds and activates the GABA-A receptor increases what ion channel? effect?
Chloride ion go into cell
- hyperpolarized ( more negative than resting potential)
What happens at the post-synaptic muscle cell in myasthenia gravis
reduced motor end-plate potential
treatment for myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
what can be used for over muscarinic stimulation in myasthenia graves
scopolamine
What is cross-sectional study
“snapshot study”
- Disease prevalence
Nephrotic syndrome causes what type of coagulable state
hypercoagulable state
What are the most common atherosclerotic large vessels in order of most common
- abdominal
- Coronary arteries
- popliteal
- internal carotid arteries
What defines Delusional disorder
1 or more delusions for 1 or more month
The spleen come from where and artery supply
Mesentery of stomach ( not foregut)
- splenic artery ( foregut derivative)
Siatic nerve branches
- common peroneal
2. tibial nerve
Division of common peroneal nerve
- Superficial = foot eversion
2. deep: dorsi flexor of foot/toes
Fracture of common perennial nerve causes what
- loss of dorsal foot sensation and foot drop ( loss of eversion)
Injury to tibial nerve would cause
- weakened plantar flexion and inversion of foot
- decreased sensation at sole of foot
Reassortment
viruses with segmented genomes exchange genetic materal
Recombination
gene exchange that occurs through the crossing over of 2 double-stranded DNA molecules
Transformation
uptake of naked DNA by prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell
Phenotypic mixing
host cell is connected with 2 viral strains and progeny visions that contain unchanged parental genome from one structure and nucleocapsid ( or envelope) proteins from the other strain
Neural structure most likely affect in patients with Wernicke encephalopathy is
mammillary body
how are Wernicke Encephalopathy treated
give Thiamine before Dextrose
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates
- major forearm flexors and coracobrachialis
- sensory to lateral forearm
Adverse effects of Ganciclovir
Bone marrow suppression ( leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia)
Adverse effect of TMP-SMX
bone marrow suppression
Where is GTP synthesized in Kreb cycle
conversion of Succinyl-CoA to succinate
- synthesized by succinyl-Co synthetase
Where in Biochemistry land can GTP be used
- ADP to ATP
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate during gluconeogensis)
Cardiovascular dysphagia can result from external compression of the esophagus by dilated and posteriorly displaced left atrium in patients with
- rheumatic heart disease or
2. mitral stenosis/regurgitation
What is the most anterior part of the heart
left atrium
how do you diagnose enterobius vermicularis
scotch tape test
first line treatment for enterobius vermicularis
albendazole
- pyrantel pamoate in pregnant patients
Name thionamide drugs
Methimazole and propylthiouracil
MOA of methimazole and propylthiouracil
- decrease formation of thyroid hormone via thyroid periods
role of thyroid peroxidase
- iodine oragnification and coupling of iodotyrosines
equation for volume of distribution
amount of drug given mg/ plasma drug concentration
how does charge change volume of distrubution
high charge, low Vd
