Js Mill Rule of utilitarism

Question 1

Who was Js mill?

Answer 1

Civil servant and member of parliament, developed his theory from jeremy benthams. Distinguished his theory by quantity and quality of pleasure and by the introduction of rules. Harm principle?

Question 2

What is the tyranny of the majority?

Answer 2

One person’s unhappiness could be ignored if the majority were happy (this is what Js mill disagreed with and the quantity of pleasure)

Question 3

What was js mills quote about the types of pleasure?

Answer 3

“it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied. Better to be socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”

Question 4

Why did Mill disagree with Benthams Hedonic calculus?

Answer 4

He thought the calculus only tried to measure the quantity of happiness an action could produce, mill thought it was important to measure the quality.

Question 5

What are higher pleasures?

Answer 5

Those which are intellectual and stimulate the mind; reading, having debates

Question 6

What are lower pleasures?

Answer 6

Those which satisfy the body, having sex, eating

Question 7

What did Mill mean by better to be socrates disatisfie than a pig satisfied?

Answer 7

Only humans can attain such higher pleasures, animals can’t.

Question 8

How did Mill refer to Aristolte?

Answer 8

Mill agreed with Aristole in the way that pleasure was no mere gratification but includes the idea of well-being,living well and being fulfilled.

Question 9

Which pleasures more inferior?

Answer 9

Mill argued that higher pleasures are superior to lower pleasures, as they help humans to develop their intellect. Lower pleasures are lower because they don’t enrich or enhance the intellect or develop the quality of an individual. Eating dish and chips; only satisfies bodily needs

Question 10

What quote helps back up the higher and lower pleasure?

Answer 10

“over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign”

Question 11

Why to Mill were higher pleasures important?

Answer 11

People do have to obtain the lower pleasures; eat and sleep. But this a basic requirement, it is not good to focus solely on the lower pleasures, the greatest aim in life is to achieve the higher pleasures.

Question 12

What does Mills argument do universallu?

Answer 12

In contrast with Bentham’s Mills tries to suit the need of others, and isn’t individual. Supports the idea that people should put the interests of the group before their own. As society is made up of individuals, for society to be happy, individuals need to be collectively happy. “duty, rule’ for society to protect the happiness

Question 13

What is the harm principle?

Answer 13

A principle that says anyone can do what they want to do, unless it does cause any harm on anybody else

Question 14

What is strong-rule utilitarianism?

Answer 14

Claims an action is right, if and only it follows th rules, the rules should never be disobeyed. These rules would be used in nature and if applied in any situation would lead to the greats happiness for the greatest number. A strong rule utilitarian believes the rules should never be broken as they’re there to promote happiness

Question 15

What is weak-rule utilitarianism?

Answer 15

A person tries to allow for the fact in extreme cases the rule created needs to be broken to achieve happiness ‘do not kill- might have to be broken in ww2

Question 16

What was mills quotation about a person?

Answer 16

“all action is for the sake of some end and rules of action”
promoting happiness is the right principle
promoting unhappiness is the wrong principle

Question 17

What was crisps idea?

Answer 17

haidon and the oyster,

oyster would live forever and pleasure would surpass

Question 18

What did mil say about higher pleasures?

Answer 18

if it would be chosen over another pleasure even if it was accompanied by discomfit”
and “if it would not be traded by a higher quanitty of the other pleasure”

Question 19

What is the tyranny of the majority?

Answer 19

one persons happiness could be ignored if the majority were happy,

Question 20

What does the quotation “it is better to be a human dissatrifised than a pig satisfied”

Answer 20

Pigs lack knowledge. only human beings could attain higher pleases, animals cant
mil argued tat humans couldn’t be super happy if didn’t aim towards intellectual pleasures

Question 21

What does mil say in his boom “on liberty’?

Answer 21

The government cant interfere with the freedom of an individual to pursue their own happinesss by compelling them to do something that goes against their happiness unless the way the individual chooses to find their own happiness is detrimental to others

Question 22

What were mils 3 factors?

Answer 22

happiness is desirable since we all desire it
happiness is the only desirable en
everyone ought to aim for happiness of everyone, as increasing general happiness will increase my own.

Question 23

why is this utilitariaism known as rule?

Answer 23

rules can be instigated which ensure that principle of utility is being fulfilled; do not murder

Question 24

Hoq is mils theory deonolotival?

Answer 24

the principle “stealing is wrong” is a goof rule and bring maxim happiness would create good happiness for whole of society.

Question 25

How is mils theory teological?

Answer 25

maximum telos of happiness for maximum amount

Question 26

How was Peter singer?

Answer 26

Animals have signifiant moral status owes much tot he work of philopsher Peter simger
believes in equality between species

Question 27

What analogy did Peter use with a disabled baby and a dog in a. fire?

Answer 27

if the baby was disabled or if it was just a baby its not self aware and n sense of itself as an individual living through time. less interest in staying alive, less posiblites in expering pleasure in living so save the dog. The abby is a non-human person’

Question 28

why should animal aid happen?

Answer 28

Share 95% of our genes with a mouse, animals suffer from similar conditions
ethics communities to ensure that the potential benefits of research outweighs ant suffering too animas
without animal research wold still be claiming lives each year from polio

Question 29

What did Colin Blakemore say?

Answer 29

“primates are used anywhere no other species ad no alternative can provide the answers of questions about conditions like Alzheimers”

Question 30

Why did mil say animals are lower than us?

Answer 30

animals didn’t have the capably of higher pleasures so not having equal value of utilitarian system but can feel pain and pleasure so should be protected

Question 31

What is the difference between mils and bantams for animals?

Answer 31

Bentham did take animals into account

Question 32

What is the campaign of nuclear disarmament?

Answer 32

Only pain and suffering, no pleasure in war. Cant address terriosim
British- outweighs the cost of an attack onuk
maintain minim amount of destructive power

Question 33

What did Karl popper suggest?

Answer 33

negative uilitarinsm rat aimed to reduce pain

Question 34

What is a precedent?

Answer 34

if your act has good consequences but will set a precedent leading to bad things in the future do not do that

Question 35

What are the strengths of utiilitarinams?

Answer 35

happiness is an intrinsic value
harming people is wrong
creates good
improvements over time
quality- mill concerned about quality
intention- sidgwick answered Kant that the consequences of an action cant Make it right, intentions woukd
pregerences-singer said people have different happines
secular- doesn’t rely on beliefs about god
easy to use
demorcratic- fair to run a country

Question 36

what are the weaknesses of utilitariaism?

Answer 36

others goods- love
mejcamical- doest account for life
the ends don't justify the means
unpreidictable
immeasurable
incalculable
people cant be trusted- if you got rid of rules, act selfisjly
istoce 
wrong- if police officers passed around an abused photos of a woman for enjoyment, if exposed it would be bad. but if not doing out would it have been right. the consequences werent bad it was the act

Question 37

What type of theory is mils

Answer 37

Teological and deontological