Intro antibióticos Flashcards

1
Q

Amplio espectro

A

Tetraciclinas, Cloranfenicol, Algunos ßlactámicos

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2
Q

Espectro extendido

A

Cefalosporinas, FQ, Penicilinas de espectro extendido

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3
Q

Espectro reducido

A

Glucopéptidos, Isoniazida

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4
Q

Bacteriostáticos

A

Tetraciclinas, sulfamidas, trimetoprima, cloranfenicol, macrólidos, lincosamidas

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5
Q

Bactericidas

A

ßlactámicos, aminoglicósidos, fosfomicina, nitrifurantoínas, polipéptidos, quinolonas, rifampicina, vancomicina

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6
Q

Inhiben síntesis de pared celular

A
FOSFOMICINA
BACITRACINA
VANCOMICINA
TEICOPLANINA
ß-LACTÁMICOS
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7
Q

Alteran permeabilidad de membrana plasmática

A

POLIMIXINAS, ANTIBIÓTICOS POLIÉNICOS, DAPTOMICINA

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8
Q

Inhibidores de la síntesis proteica

A

Aminoglucósidos, Tertaciclinas, macrólidos, Cloranfenicol y lincosamidas

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9
Q

Inhibidores de Ac nucleicos

A

Quinolonas, Rifampicina, Sulfamidas, Trimetoprima

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10
Q

RESISTENCIAS a los ANTIBACTERIANOS

A

Destrucción o inactivación enzimática
Disminución de concentración intrabacteriana
Alteración de diana
Vías metabólicas alternativas

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11
Q

Transferencia entre bacterias de RESISTENCIAS

A

Transformacíon, transfucción y conjugación

Entre los elementos genéticos dentro de la bacteria: transposones, integrones

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12
Q

CPM: Concentración preventiva de Mutantes

A

Superior a CMI, mínima concentración de antibiótico que impide el crecimiento de mutantes resistentes.

Area entre CMI y CPM: ventana de selección de mutantes

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13
Q

Antifúngicos

A

Alteran permeabilidad: Nistatina (polienico); azoles
Afectan sintesis pared celular: Griseofulvina (no polienico)
Inhiben sintesis ADN: Fluorocitosina (pirimidina fluorada)

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