chapter 7.3 Flashcards
what are schemas?
organized clusters of memories that constitute a persons knowledge or beliefs about events, objects and ideas
are schemes involved in all three stages of memory?
yes
what are the 2 ways the schema is involved in memory?
they guide what we attend to during encoding
schemas influence how stored memories are organized
what is constructive memory?
a process by which we first recall a generalized schema and then add in specific details
what is infantile amnesia?
a phenomenon in which we do not have any personal or autobiographical memories from before the third birthday
how long does it take for self schemas to develop?
18- 24 months
what have researchers found regarding cross cultural research of the development of the schema?
sense of self emerges earlier among European Americans than among people living in some regions of Eastern Asia
why might the sense of self emerge earlier in European Americans than in eastern asian children?
because in North America were are more self centred and independent but in the asian countries it is very community based
how are self schemas linked to depression?
because if you have depression your self-schema is much more likely to focus on negative things and it will be harder to help that depression
what is becoming increasingly clear to psychologists?
“you are what you remember”
what is a false memory?
remembering events that did not occur, or incorrectly recalling details of an event
are false memories a normal thing?
yes they are, it is not an indicator of poor memory process
what is an example of a false memory?
in a study when they asked participants how fast 2 cars were going when they collided, but they changed the verb, it was either smashed, collided, bumped, contacted or hit. it altered how fast the people said the cars were going, creating a false memory of the incident
what is the misinformation effect?
the idea that when information occurring after an event becomes part of the memory for that event
what is an example of the misinformation effect?
when people in a jury read about the case in the news and it creates information that they think happened
