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intro psych > chapter 11.2 > Flashcards

chapter 11.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the theory of natural selection?

A

individuals with traits that are a good fit for their environment are more likely to survive and therefore reproduce

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2
Q

what is intrasexual selection?

A

a situation in which members of the opposite sex compete in order to win the opportunity to mate with members of the opposite sex

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3
Q

what is an example of intrasexual selection?

A

when deers will lock horns and fight to try to win the opportunity to reproduce with a female deer

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4
Q

why is intrasexual selection evolutionarily advantageous?

A

because the animals most likely to become dominant are the strongest and/or smartest and there fore fir for that time a place better. this causes each generation to become stronger and smarter

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5
Q

what is intersexual selection?

A

a situation in which members of one sex select a mating partner based on their desirable traits

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6
Q

what is an example of intersexual selection?

A

male birds displaying their bright feathers and perfuming intricate dances or songs to attract females

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7
Q

what is the darker function of brightly coloured birds?

A

bird with bright coloured feathers must be fast in order to make sure that their feathers do not attract prey, and this mental trait would be passed on to generations

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8
Q

what are some things straight women prefer in a mate?

A

taller 6 feet
good posture
not very hairy

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9
Q

what are some things that straight men prefer in a mate?

A

slightly shorter than them
full lips
high cheekbones
small chin

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10
Q

do people find symmetrical faces more attractive?

A

yes

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11
Q

are all elements of intersexual selection due to our genes?

A

no

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12
Q

what are some traits that are not based on genes?

A

clothing
poster

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13
Q

what are some things that men and women look for in a longterm partner?

A

love
kindness
commitment
character
emotional maturity

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14
Q

what are some things that men looked for in a longterm partner?

A

physical beauty
youth
other reproductive related traits

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15
Q

what are some things that women look for in a longterm partner?

A

strong financial prospects
status
good health

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16
Q

is socioeconomic status more important to men or women?

A

women, a persons financial status had a much greater effect on females willingness to enter relationships than a mans willingness

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17
Q

are men much more willing to engage in “sex only” relationships regardless of SES or attractiveness?

A

yes

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18
Q

what is SES?

A

socioeconomic status

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19
Q

what is the large difference between women and men in looking for longterm partners?

A

women are much more impacted by a potential partner’s socioeconomic status that men are

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20
Q

why do women care more about a potential mates socioeconomic status?

A

women have a limited number of eggs and a finite opportunity to pass on their genes to another generation so they care more about the resources required to raise offspring

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21
Q

why would men be more attracted to younger women?

A

because they have an infinite amount of sperm and can reproduce forever so the young, healthy women are more likely able to reproduce

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22
Q

who was one of the first scientists to tackle the topic of human sexual behaviour?

A

alfred kinsey

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23
Q

how did Alfred Kinsey study human sexual behaviour?

A

he would interview his college students and would publish his results, but his ,methods were flawed due to his very limited sample size and them being not anonymous interviews

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24
Q

what is now done to research sex?

A

anonymous questionares with larger samples

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25
Q

when Cindy meston and David buss asked more then 1500 college students for why they have sex, what were the 4 categories of reasons?

A

physical reasons
instrumental reasons
emotional reasons
feelings of insecurity

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26
Q

what is an example of physical reasons for sex?

A

the pleasure of sex itself or finding somme hot

27
Q

what is an example of instrumental reasons?

A

accomplishing a goal like financial or personal gain or to get revenge

28
Q

when are women more motivated by physical pleasure VS emotional factors?

A

women are more motivated by physical pleasure in short-term relations and more motivated by emotional factors in long-term relationships

29
Q

does the motivation to have sex continue even in to old age?

A

yes, 75% of people 57-64 have had sex in the last year, 50% of age 64-75 and 25% of age 75-85

30
Q

are psychological and physiological motives for having sex separate?

A

no they are not, the physical response to arousal is influenced by a persons psychological state

31
Q

what is the sexual response cycle?

A

the phases of physiological change during sexual activity which comprises four primary stages

32
Q

what are the four stages in the sexual response cycle?

A

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

33
Q

does the sexual response cycle apply to both women and men?

A

yes

34
Q

how do males and females differ in the sexual response cycle?

A

their patterns of orgasms

35
Q

how do male and female orgasm patterns differ?

A

in one study 21%-32% of women reported that they did not experience orgasm during masturbation or sexual intercourse whereas only 2% of men did not experience orgasm

36
Q

what is followed after a male orgasm?

A

a refractory period

37
Q

what is a refractory period?

A

a time period during which erection and orgasm are not physically possible

38
Q

can women have multiple orgasms without a refractory period?

A

yes

39
Q

what part of the brain is the sexual response cycle influenced by?

A

the hypothalamus

40
Q

what hormone is released in the brain during an orgasm?

A

the pituitary gland releases oxytocin

41
Q

what is oxytocin?

A

a hormone related to feelings of trust and the desire to be close to someone

42
Q

what is sexual orientation?

A

the consistent preference for sexual relations with member of the opposite sex, same sex or either sex

43
Q

what is the genetic correlation for for the same sexual orientation?

A

between .30 and .60

44
Q

what does LGBTQIA2S stand for?

A

lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, intersex, asexual, 2-spirit

45
Q

what is someone who is transgender?

A

refers to individuals who experience a mismatch between the gender that they identify with and their biological sex

46
Q

does transgender refer to an individuals sexual orientation?

A

no

47
Q

does transgender only refer to people who have taken steps to physically reassign their gender?

A

no

48
Q

what are gender roles?

A

the accepted attitudes and behaviours of males and females in a given society

49
Q

are gender roles flexible over time?

A

yes

50
Q

what are sexual scripts?

A

the set of rules and assumptions about sexual behaviours of males and females

51
Q

what is male sexual behaviour based on?

A

competition and men would value sexual conquests and the physical attractiveness of females

52
Q

what was female sexual behaviour based on?

A

they were not to be less promiscuous and to focus on developing a stable relationship before engaging in sexual intercourse

53
Q

what are the 3 reasons why the sexual scripts are changing?

A

the emergence of the women rights movement over the past 130 years

increasing women in the workforce gave them more independence

the pill giving them control over when they were going to get pregnant

54
Q

do different ethnicities and religions have different sex scripts?

A

yes

55
Q

what is an example of different religions and different ethicnictes having different sex scripts?

A

chinese woman have more of a conserviate attitude towards sex and less of a sex drive than euro-canadiana women

56
Q

what is sex guilt?

A

negative emotional feelings for having violated culturally accepted standards of appropriate sexual behaviour

57
Q

do sexual scripts exist in same sex relationships?

A

yes

58
Q

how are sex scripts different in same sex relationships?

A

they are more flexible due do the people in the same sex relationships do not follow gender norms as much

59
Q

what has technology allowed us to do regarding sex?

A

engage in cybersex

60
Q

what is cybersex?

A

the use of the internet and cell phones for sending sexually explicit images and messages to a partner

61
Q

what is the estimated percentage of university students who use the internet for sexual entertainment?

A

76.5%

62
Q

what are 2 benefits of cyber sex?

A

less unplanned pregnancies
less STDs

63
Q

what are some risks of cybersex?

A

people tend to communicate with less inhibition through digital media compared to face to face encounters and causes impulsive behaviours

sexual images could be shared with others

intro psych (38 decks)

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