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intro psych > brain > Flashcards

brain Flashcards

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1
Q

what do the adrenal glands do?

A

they release stress hormones such as cortisol and epinephrine

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2
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

facilitates memory formation for emotional events

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3
Q

what does myelin do?

A

insulates the axons from one another

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4
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A

regulates basic biological needs and motivational systems

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5
Q

what are trophic factors?

A

chemicals that stimulate the growth of dendrites and axons

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6
Q

what is neurogenesis?

A

the formation of new neurons

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7
Q

what are axon terminals?

A

bulb like extensions with vesicles

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8
Q

what are the cerebral hemispheres?

A

nearly symmetrical halves of the brain that contain the same structures

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9
Q

what does norepinephrine do?

A

regulates stress responses

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10
Q

what does dopamine do?

A

involved in mood and voluntary movement

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11
Q

what do glial cells do?

A

mount immune responses in the brain and removes waste

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12
Q

what do genotypes do?

A

make up the genetic makeup of an organism

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13
Q

what does the presynaptic cell do?

A

releases its neurotransmitters into the synapse

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14
Q

what does the forebrain do?

A

critical for complex processing like emotions and reasoning

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15
Q

what is action potential?

A

a wave of electrical activity that originates at the begging of the axon

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16
Q

what are neurotransmitters?

A

the chemical that functions as messengers allowing neurons to communicate with each other

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17
Q

what does the pituitary gland do?

A

produces hormones and sends commands about hormone production

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18
Q

what does the midbrain do?

A

functions as a relay station between sensory and motor areas

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19
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

receive messages from other cells and transmit those messages towards the rest of the cell

20
Q

what does the cell body do?

A

contains the nucleus that houses the cells genetic material

21
Q

what do axons do?

A

transport information in the form of electrochemical reactions from the cell body to the end of the neuron

22
Q

what are phenotypes?

A

the physical traits and behavioural characteristics that show genetic variation

23
Q

what does the cerebral cortex do?

A

the wrinkled outer layer that is involved in multiple higher functions

24
Q

what does the post synaptic cell do?

A

the neuron that receives neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell

25
Q

what is the synaptic cleft?

A

the small space between the axon terminal and the dendrite

26
Q

what is resting potential?

A

the stable state which the cell is not transmitting messages

27
Q

what does the occipital lobe do?

A

process visual information

28
Q

what does the basal ganglia do?

A

facilitate planned movement and skill learning

29
Q

what does the hippocampus do?

A

critical for learning and memory

30
Q

what is gene expression?

A

occurs when the information in our genes is used to produce proteins or other genes

31
Q

what are agonists?

A

drugs that enhance or mimimc the effects of a neurotransmitters action

32
Q

what does the thalamus do?

A

relay information to different regions of the brain

33
Q

what is neuroplasticity?

A

the capacity of the Brian to change and rewire itself

34
Q

what does testosterone do?

A

serves multiple functions including driving physical and sexual development

35
Q

what do the parietal lobes do?

A

involved in our experiences of touch and bodily awareness

36
Q

what are stem cells?

A

a unique type of cell that does not have a predestined functions

37
Q

what are epigenetics?

A

changes in gene expression that occur as a result of experience

38
Q

what are antagonists?

A

a drug that inhibits neurotransmitter activity by blocking receptors

39
Q

what is CRISPR?

A

a technique that allows genetic material to be removed, added or altered in specific locations

40
Q

what does serotonin do?

A

a monoamine involved in regulating mood, sleep, aggression and appetite

41
Q

what does the corpus callosum do?

A

connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres

42
Q

what do the frontal lobes do?

A

important in higher cognative functions such as regulating impulses

43
Q

what is the synapse?

A

an area consisting of a neurons axon terminals and a diffrent neurons dendrites

44
Q

what do neurons do?

A

a cell responsible for sending and receiving messages throughout the body

45
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

involved in maintaining and monitoring balance, attention and emotional response

46
Q

what chromosomes?

A

structures in the cellular nucleus that are lined with all of the genes an individual inherits

intro psych (38 decks)

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