Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro psych > chapter 12.1 > Flashcards

chapter 12.1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is personality?

A

a persons characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is unique to each individual and remains relatively consistent overtime and situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 broad approaches to personality measurement?

A

idiographic approach
nomothetic approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what the idiographic approach to measuring someone’s personality?

A

focusing on creating detailed descriptions of a specific persons unique personality characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an example of the idiographic approach?

A

if you were to write a few paragraphs to nominate your favourite professor for a leadership award, you would talk about why he is the way he is and what has shaped him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the benefit of using the idiographic approach?

A

helps better understand a single influential person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an example of the idiographic approach being used to describe a single influential person?

A

psychologists used this approach to get a better sense of the scientist and figure out that he is quite funny and charming, something that didn’t show up in his photographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can the idiographic approach be used for?

A

to examine the full range of human experience, from the most disturbed people to the most healthiest and highly functioning people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a nomothetic approach to analyzing someones behaviour?

A

examine personality in large groups of people with the aim of making a generalization about personality structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an example of the nomothetic approach?

A

the concept extraversion is a nomothetic trait because it can be used to describe everyone, any given individual will be somewhere in-between not at all extraverted to extremely extraverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a personality trait?

A

describes a specific psychological characteristic c that makes up a part of a persons personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do personality traits of?

A

they summarize a great deal of information about a person and help predict how that person will behave across a range of situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who made an attempt to identify all possible personality traits?

A

gordon all port

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many personality traits were identified the first time somones tried to identify all of them?

A

18000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is factor analysis?

A

a statistical technique that is used to group items that people respond to similarly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an example of items that would be grouped in factor analysis?

A

grouping items or terms that people respond well to “warm, friendly”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the five factor model (FFM)?

A

a trait based theory of personality based on the finding that personality can be described using five major dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who created the five factor model?

A

McCrea and costa in 1987

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 5 factors in the five factor model?

A

openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do you have to consider to understand the five factor model?

A

these characteristics are associated with people high and low on the trait, people can have a high or low level of each trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

explain the factor “openness”?

A

people high in openness (high Os) would likely show grater curiosity and creativity, as a result may hold beliefs that would be considered unconventional

people with low openness (low Os) may defend the status quo and prefer the conventional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

explain the factor conscientiousness?

A

people with a high conscientiousness (high Cs) tend to be organizers, efficient, self disciplined, punctual and dependable. may be good workers but experience negative stress on the job

people with low conscientiousness (low Cs) tend to be less organized and less detail oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

explain the factor extraversion?

A

people with high extraversion (high Es) are the socializers and sensation seekers and tend to be more assertive, talkative and enthusiastic

people with low extraversion tend (low Es) tend to be quieter, they may seek social contact but also need alone time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

explain the factor agreeableness?

A

people with a high agreeableness (high As) seek to have people get along well and keep conflicts to a minimum, they may put their own interests to the side to please others, they make good coworkers and roommates but can lack assertiveness

people with low agreeableness (high As) are people who care about being true the their selfs more than harmony and can be misinterpreted as argumentative or mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

explain the factor neuroticism?

A

people high in neuroticism (high Ns) are often difficult to deal with, they may have strong reactions to negative events or even neutral events that they mange ti interpret negatively and are prone to bad moods and dwelling on flaws

people with low neuroticism (low Ns) tend to be secure and confident and let go of negative emotions easily rather than blowing thing out of proportion and take the good with the bad

25
Q

are ratings on the five factor scale good or bad if ones is high or one is low?

A

no a high or low rating does not indicated good to bad, but the optimal level for healthy psychological functioning may be somewhere in the middle of these factors

26
Q

what cause hitler to get people to carry out his plans?

A

authoritarian personality

27
Q

what is the HEXACO model of personality?

A

a six factor theory that generally replicates the five factors of the FFM and add one additional factor :honesty- humility

28
Q

explain the factor honesty- humility?

A

people scoring high on this factor (high HHs) are deceitful, greedy and pompous

people with low scores (low HHs) are more likely to preform ultratruistic, pro-social behaviours and are more selfish, antisocial and violent tendencies

29
Q

what is the dark triad?

A

three traits, machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism- these people are more likely to be socially destructive, aggressive, dishonest and likely to commit harm in general

30
Q

what is machiavellianism?

A

a tendency to use people and manipulate and be deceitful, lacking respect for other and focusing predominantly on their own self interest

31
Q

what is psychopathy?

A

a general tendency towards having shallow emotional responses and veer towards highly stimulating activities and tend to feel little empty for other, often getting a thrill out of conflict

32
Q

what is narcissism?

A

relflects an egotistical preoccupation with self-image and excessive sense of self importance and extremely full of their selves

33
Q

what to the individual traits of the dark triad cause?

A

if somone is high on one of these traits it may cause them to become very aggressive

34
Q

when does the dark triad case real problems?

A

when somone scores high on all 3 of the traits

35
Q

how can a persona act if they score high on all 3 of the dark triad traits?

A

they will show anti-social tendencies and they are much more likely to commit harm to other and have little empathy or constraint to prevent them from doing so

36
Q

what is right-wing authoritarianism?

A

a problematic set of personality characteristics that also predispose people to certain types of violent or anti-social tendencies

37
Q

what are the 3 key tendencies that right-wing authoritarianism involve?

A

1) obeying orders and differing to the established authorities in a society

2) supporting aggression against those who dissent or differ from the established social order

3) believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order

38
Q

what is at the centre of right-wing authoritarianism personality?

A

a strong tendency to think in dogmatic terms, where everything is either black or white with no shades of great and are highly resistant to chaining their beliefs, there are generally more prejudiced, tending to negatively judge people who hold different perspectives from them selves

39
Q

who are people with right-wing authoritarianism personality most likely to have a harsh stance against?

A

people who deviate from established social order such as political activists, feminists, atheists and members of ethnic moonrises

40
Q

when do people start to show their temperament?

A

right from birth

41
Q

what are the 3 main temperaments?

A

well-adjusted
under-controlled
inhibited

42
Q

what is the temperament “well-adjusted”?

A

capable of self control, confident, not overly upset by new people or situations

43
Q

what is the temperament “under-controlled”?

A

impulsive, restless, distractible and emotionally volatile

44
Q

what is the temperament “inhibited”?

A

socially uncomfortable, fearful, easily upset by strangers

45
Q

is personality stable in a person over time?

A

no, research shows that personality can change over time in gradual fashion, especially in late adolescence and early childhood

46
Q

what is an example of personality changing over time?

A

young adults tend to experience fewer negative emotions than do adolescents

47
Q

what factors of personality increase in early adulthood?

A

conscientiousness
agreeableness
social dominance

48
Q

why do personalities change over time?

A

our environments change in these systematic ways over time and so do the riles we play on those environments

49
Q

how stable is personality?

A

your personality is relatively stable, but the traits might change over time, a 25 year old who is more extraverted than other 25 year olds is more likely to be more extraverted than other 60 year old when they are 60

50
Q

what is a factor that someones personality is dependant on?

A

the situation and context that somone is in

51
Q

wear is a state?

A

a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviours

52
Q

what is an example of a state?

A

your calm friend lashes out on the road due to a driver cutting them off

53
Q

how many different states and situational factors interact to influence our mood?

A

more than 7000

54
Q

what are the 4 general aspects of situation that is most likely to influence our behaviour?

A

locations (being at work, school ,home)
associations (being with friends, alone, with family
activities (awake, rushed, studying)
subjective states (mad, sick, drunk, happy)

55
Q

what did B.F skinner believe about personality?

A

it was a description of the response tendencies that occur in different situations

56
Q

what is the bandoras social cognitive theory/

A

the idea that personality develops out of the persons interactions with the environment

57
Q

what is behaviourism?

A

the personality is formed from a persons beliefs about their relationship to the environment and especially their own actions and the likely consequences that will follow from their choices

58
Q

what is reciprocal determinism?

A

based on the notion that personality emerges from the interactions between behaviour, internal personal factors and external situational factors all which mutually influence each other

59
Q

what is an example of reciprocal determinism?

A

imagine an individual who believes they are worthless, that other people wont like them, those beliefs may be a force that keep their personality from changing

intro psych (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions