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intro psych > chapter 15.4 > Flashcards

chapter 15.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A

a brain disease that causes the person to experience significant breaks from reality, a lack of integration of thoughts and emotions and problem with attention and memory

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2
Q

what are the 3 phases of schizophrenia?

A

prodromal phase
active phase
residual phase

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3
Q

what is the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

A

people may become easily confused and have difficulty organizing their thoughts, they may lose interest and begin to withdraw from friends and family and spend increasing amounts of time alone often deeply engrossed in their own thoughts

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4
Q

what is the active phase of schizophrenia?

A

people typically experience delusional thoughts, hallucinations or disorganized patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviour

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5
Q

what is the residual phase of schizophrenia?

A

peoples predominant symptoms have disappeared or lessened considerably and they may simply be withdrawn, have trouble concentrating and generally lack of motivation

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6
Q

how often do people with schizophrenia cycle through the 3 phases?

A

sometimes they only cycle through the 3 phases a couple times in their life or others it happened repeatedly

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7
Q

what can cause repeated episodes of schizophrenia?

A

depending on how severe the withdrawal is in the residual phase is

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8
Q

when are the symptoms of schizophrenia most pronounced?

A

in the active phase but they can also be bad during the transitions between phases

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9
Q

what can cause a schizophrenic person a resurgence In symptoms?

A

stressful periods or episodes in their lives

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10
Q

what are the 2 kinds of symptoms of a schizophrenic person?

A

positive symptoms
negative symptoms

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11
Q

what are “positive symptoms” of a schizophrenic person?

A

the presence of maladaptive emotional reactions

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12
Q

what are 5 examples of “positive symptoms” of a schizophrenic person?

A

confusion
paranoid thinking
inappropriate behaviour
hallucinations
delusions

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13
Q

what are “negative symptoms” of a schizophrenic person?

A

the absence of adaptive behaviours

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14
Q

what are 4 examples of “negative symptoms” of a schizophrenic person?

A

absent or flat emotional reactions
lack of interacting with others in a social setting
lack of motivation
catatonia

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15
Q

what are hallucinations?

A

alterations in perception, such that a person sees, smells, feels or tastes somthing that does not actually exist, except in the persons own mind it does

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16
Q

what are delusions?

A

beliefs that are not based on or well-integrated with reality

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17
Q

what is an example of delusions?

A

people may believe that they are someone famous or have a divine purpose

may believe there are hidden codes in the media they encounter

may believe everyone despises them

18
Q

what is disorganized behaviour?

A

describes the considerable difficulty people with schizophrenia may have completing that tasks of everyday life- cooking, taking care of hygiene, socializing

19
Q

how do the negative symptoms of schizophrenia impact the individual?

A

it makes it difficult to form and maintain social connections due to their difficulty reasoning about social situations and mask their true emotions making them seem “odd”

20
Q

what is catatonia?

A

a moment disorder when an individual does not move and rigidly remains in a pose for a lengthy period of time, the person Is often unresponsive to doctors or family or other people

21
Q

what are some cognitive functions issues that people with schizophrenia experience?

A

ranging from excessive blinking to standardized achievement tests

22
Q

what are the 3 subtypes of schizophrenia?

A

paranoid schizophrenia
disorganized schizophrenia
catatonic schizophrenia

23
Q

what are the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia?

A

symptoms Include delusional beliefs that one is being followed, watched or persecuted and may also include delusions of grandeur or the belief that one has some secret insight, power or some other characteristic that makes one particularly special

24
Q

what are the symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia?

A

symptoms include thoughts, speech, behaviours and emotions that are poorly integrated and incoherent. people with disorganized schizophrenia may also show inappropriate, unpredictable mannerisms

25
Q

what are the symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia?

A

symptoms include episodes in which a person remains mute and immobile- sometimes in bizarre positions- for extended periods. individuals may also exhibit repetitive, purposeless moment

26
Q

what does pop culture do to schizophrenia?

A

it makes it seem like a much simpler disorder than it is

27
Q

does genetic relatedness increase the chances of getting schizophrenia?

A

yes

28
Q

if one identical twin has schizophrenia, what are the odds the other one does to?

A

25-50% the other twin has it

29
Q

if one fraternal twin has schizophrenia, what are the odds the other one does to?

A

10-17%

30
Q

how does genetic similarity impact the rate of developing schizophrenia?

A

the more genetic similarity an individual has to a person with schizophrenia, the more likely that individual will also develop the disorder

31
Q

what is an important neurological characteristic of people with schizophrenia?

A

the size of the brains ventricles, people with schizophrenia have ventricles that are 20%-30% larger than people without schizophrenia

32
Q

what causes large ventricles in people with schizophrenia?

A

a loss of brain matter, particularly in the the frontal lobes and In limbic system

33
Q

do the brains of people with schizophrenia function different?

A

they have an increased rate of firing in dopamine-releasing cells in the basal ganglia, they also have an under active glutamate in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex

34
Q

what can the excess firing of these dopaminergic cells do to a person with schizophrenia?

A

it can produce the types of positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions

35
Q

what can and under active glutamate neurotransmitter do to a person with schizophrenia?

A

it would cause a reduction In proper functioning in the brain and causing negative symptoms

36
Q

what is the neurodevelopment hypothesis?

A

the theory that suggests that the adult manifestation of what we call “schizophrenia” is the outgrowth of disrupted neurological development early in a persons life

37
Q

can schizophrenia be set in motion by environmental factors?

A

yes, such as maternal stress or exposure to flu virus when someone is in the womb

38
Q

what are some adolescence things that can cause schizophrenia to develop?

A

to much synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex

39
Q

what is schizophrenia prodrome?

A

a collections of characteristics that resemble mild forms of schizophrenic symptoms

40
Q

what are the 5 environmental and parental factors that can cause schizophrenia?

A

maternal exposure to flu virus
fetal exposure to stress
weed use
head injuries
growing up in an urban environment

41
Q

how do Anglo-Americans focus on schizophrenia?

A

they focus on the mental experiences of the disorder, such as disorganized thinking and emotions

42
Q

how do Mexican Americans focus on schizophrenia?

A

they focus on how it affects the body such as by producing tension or tiredneess

intro psych (45 decks)

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