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intro psych > chapter 11.3 > Flashcards

chapter 11.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 7 needs from top to bottom in maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

self actualization
aesthetic needs
cognitive needs
esteem needs
belongingness and love needs
safety needs
physiological needs

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2
Q

are certain needs more important than other in maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

yes lower needs like physiological needs are more important than esteem needs or self actualization

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3
Q

what is self actualization?

A

when a person reacher their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking and accepting human being

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4
Q

what were the 2 critisizims of maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

the idea tay we must fulfil one need before moving on to the next is simplistic and it is possible to have multiple motivations simultaneously

the hierarchy appears to be biased towards and individualistic western culture and the individuals needs would be much less important than the communities needs

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5
Q

what is the need to belong?

A

the motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings of warmth, affection, appreciation and mutual concern for each persons well-being and need to have the sense that these feelings are apart of a permanent relationship

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6
Q

is the need to belong just as fundamental as food and shelter?

A

yes it is just as important to our survival

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7
Q

what is mot important for our well-being?

A

a sense of permanence

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8
Q

why is a sense of permanence important?

A

an individual who has many positive social interactions with a series of different individuals does not enjoy the same satisfaction and other benefits as an individual who interacts with only a few people regularly over a long time

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9
Q

what is an example of why permanence is important?

A

an executive who flies all over the continent may have fascinating conversations with fellow passengers very week but still feel lonely but a couple living on a rural farm who only see a few neighbours during the week but see them permanently and will feel more satisfied with sense of belonging

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10
Q

does social connectedness have a dramatic effect on physical health?

A

yes

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11
Q

what are some diseases loneliness can play a risk factor of?

A

heart disease
cancer
hypertension
weaker immune system
high levels of stress hormones

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12
Q

if someone is in a relationship can they still feel lonely?

A

yes, its not being in a relationship that makes someone not lonely its the sense of belonging they feel

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13
Q

what are the 2 kinds of love?

A

passionate love
compassionate love

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14
Q

what is passionate love?

A

the love associated with a physical and emotional longing for the other person

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15
Q

when do we feel passionate love?

A

at the beginning of a relationship and when everything is new while we are getting to know the other person and everything is new

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16
Q

what part of then brain is associated with passionate love?

A

the parts of the brain related to physical rewires as well as the insula

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17
Q

what is compassionate love?

A

the love rated to the tenderness and to the affection we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person

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18
Q

what kind of love has a greater influence on long-term stability?

A

compassionate love and increases in compassionate features of love are more indicative of a long relationship than passionate love

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19
Q

why does love motivate people?

A

love is a goal-oriented stat win a way that is similar but not identical to hunger and sex drives

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20
Q

how does the brain respond to images of their loved ones?

A

the response is stronger in the dopamine-rich areas of the print

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21
Q

what is the terror management theory (TMT)?

A

a psychological perspective asserting that the human fear of mortality motivates behaviour, particularly behaviours that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging

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22
Q

what are anxiety buffers?

A

concepts and beliefs that prevent death-related anxiety from entering out conscious mind

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23
Q

what is an example of an anxiety buffer?

A

cultural world view

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24
Q

what is the anxiety buffer “cultural worldview”?

A

a belief system about how our world should work, this system provides us with a sense of order and stability in life and feelings that make us seem as though death were not an immediate possibility

25
Q

what is an example of the anxiety buffer “cultural worldview”?

A

religions and how it provides us with a belief in an afterlife

26
Q

what can a sense of belonging help reduce?

A

it can help reduce anxiety regarding death

27
Q

what is achievement motivation?

A

a very strong force In human behaviour and refers to the derive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals

28
Q

what is an approach goal?

A

an enjoyable and pleasant incentive that a person is drawn towards such as praise, financial reward or a feeling of satisfaction

29
Q

what is an example of an approach goal?

A

mike wanting to make the basketball team so he can enjoy the season and receive attention and respect from his fellow students

30
Q

what is an avoidance goals?

A

an attempt to avoid an unpleasant outcome such as shame, embarrassment, losing money or feelings of emotional pain

31
Q

what is an example of an avoidance goal?

A

mike wanting to make the basketball team so he doesn’t have to face the embarrassment and shame of being cut

32
Q

what are the 2 kinds of goals in achievement motivation?

A

avoidance goals
approach goals

33
Q

what are the 3 universal needs?

A

relatedness
autonomy
competence

34
Q

what is relatedness?

A

felling connected with others

35
Q

how can the universal need “relatedness” be satisfied?

A

by forming meaningful bonds with other people such as family members, teammates or colleagues at work or school

36
Q

what is autonomy?

A

the need to feel in control of your own life

37
Q

what is competence?

A

the ability to perform a task at a skill level that is satisfying to the individual

38
Q

is out motivation influenced by how competent we are?

A

no

39
Q

what is our motivation influenced by?

A

how competent we think we are

40
Q

what is self-efficacy?

A

an individuals confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem

41
Q

how do high levels of self-efficacy impact an individual?

A

their performance improves and they are motivated to choose more challenging tasks

42
Q

what is the self-determination theory?

A

a theory that states that an individuals ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the necessary behaviours to achieve those goals

43
Q

how does the self-determination theory impact the 3 universal needs?

A

if you feel like you have control we are more motivated to perform the actions necessary to achieve that goal and by achieving that goals you have increased competence, autonomy and relatedness

44
Q

what is extrinsic motivation?

A

motivation geared towards gaining rewards or public recognition or avoiding embarrassment

45
Q

what is an example of extrinsic motivation?

A

wanting to make the basketball team to be popular

46
Q

is extrinsic motivation most effective?

A

no

47
Q

why is extrinsic motivation not the most effective?

A

because it requires the person to give up some autonomy because you rely on others people reactions to determine if you have succeeded at your goal

48
Q

what is amotivational?

A

a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behaviour

49
Q

what is an example of amotivational?

A

if your parents forced you to play basketball so you might not put any effort in to playing, in this case neither the feeling of autonomy or competence is met

50
Q

what is intrinsic motivation?

A

the process of being internally motivated to perform behaviours and overcome challenges

51
Q

what is an example of intrinsic motivation?

A

if you wanted to become a better basketball player simply for the joy of playing and improving your self

52
Q

is intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation all separate?

A

no they are all on a continuum of motivation that depicts how much self-determination an individual might feel for those behaviours

53
Q

can our self determination change along the continuum of motivation across situations?

A

yes

54
Q

true or false, if a supervisor offers a reward such as a cash bonus is it likely to improve productivity in the short term?

A

true

55
Q

true or false, rewards make work more enjoyable?

A

false

56
Q

true or false, rewards produce engaged employees?

A

false

57
Q

what are some differences in motivation between cultures?

A

in western culture they tend to promote autonomy and the individual but in eastern cultures they put more emphasis on meeting the needs of the community

58
Q

how do different cultures impact intrinsic and extrinsic motivations?

A

intrinsically motivation results are consistent across cultures but extrinsically motivation the results vary people in western are less motivated by what the people around them want but in eastern cultures they care much more about the community around them

intro psych (38 decks)

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