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intro psych > chapter 16.2 > Flashcards

chapter 16.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is insight therapies?

A

a general term referring to therapy that involves dialogue between patient and therapist for the purposes of gaining awareness and understanding of psychological problems and conflicts

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2
Q

what was the formal beginning of insight therapies?

A

the development of psychoanalysis by sigmund freud and its evolution into psychodynamic therapies

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3
Q

what are psychodynamic therapies?

A

forms of insight therapy that emphasize the need to discover and resolve unconscious conflicts

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4
Q

what are the 5 core ideas forming the basis of psychoanalysis?

A

adults psychological conflicts have their origins in early experiences

these conflicts affect the thoughts and emotions of the individual and their source often remains outside of conscious awareness

the unconscious conflicts and their effects are called neuroses

by accessing the unconscious mind, the analyst and patient can gain a better understanding of the early conflicts that led to neuroses

once the conflicts are brought to the surface, the analyst and the patient can work through them together

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5
Q

what are the 4 primary techniques used to access the unconscious mind?

A

free association
dream analysis
resistance
transference

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6
Q

what is free association?

A

a technique used to access the unconscious mind which patients are encouraged to talk or write with out censoring their thoughts in any way, this could revel clues to the unconscious in ways that patient may not normally be able to access

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7
Q

what is dream analysis?

A

a method of examining the details of a dream (the manifest content) in order to gain insight into the true meaning of the dream, the emotional, unconscious material that is being communicated symbolically (the latent content)

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8
Q

what is resistance?

A

occurs in therapy when the patient engages in strategies that keep unconscious thoughts or motivations that they wish to avoid from fully entering conscious awareness

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9
Q

what is transference?

A

when patients direct certain patterns or emotional experiences toward the analyst rather than the original person involved in the experiences

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10
Q

what is an example of transference?

A

if a patient has a hidden sexual conflict, then transference may occur through them developing sexual feelings for the analyst

or if a patients mother was excessively critical during childhood, the patient may seem to see the analysts behaviour in the same critical way

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11
Q

what is a modern psychodynamic therapies?

A

object relations therapy

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12
Q

what is object relations therapy?

A

a variation of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning

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13
Q

what is the differences between object relations therapy and psychoanalysis?

A

object relations therapy does not centre on repressed sexual and aggressive conflicts like psychoanalysis does. object relations therapy focueses on “objects” which are the patients mental representations of themselves and important to others

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14
Q

what is the basic view of object relations therapy?

A

the quality of the early relationship between the child and these objects results in the development of mental models for the child and these mental models shape the persons perceptions and interpretations in relationships

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15
Q

how do the mental models from objects, adults?

A

they tell the person what “normal” is and provide an interpretive framework within which makes sense of relationships

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16
Q

what is humanistic-extisensial psychotherapy?

A

it emphasized individual strengths and the potential for growth, and assumed that human nature is fundamentally positive

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17
Q

what are the 4 similarities between humanistic and extisensial therapies?

A

both help people express their authentic selves

both help to overcome alienation

both help people become more loving

to take responsibility for there experiences and live in the present

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18
Q

what is the major difference between humanistic and extisensial therapies?

A

humanistic therapists focus on removing the obstacles that prevent self actualization from unfolding naturally

existential therapists focus on the important of facing painful experiences such as feelings about isolation and death

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19
Q

what is the phenomenological approach?

A

means that the therapist addresses the clients feelings and thoughts as they unfold in the present moment, rather than looking for unconscious motives

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20
Q

what is client centred therapy?

A

an approach that focuses on individuals abilities to solve their own problems and reach their full potential with the encouragement of the therapist

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21
Q

what is emotion focused therapy (EFT) based on?

A

the belief that is is better to face and accept difficult thoughts than to bottle them inside

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22
Q

what are behavioural therapies?

A

attempt to directly address problem behaviours and the environmental factors that trigger them

23
Q

what is the core belief of behavioural therapies?

A

the belief that patterns of behaviour are the result of conditioning and learning that have led to the atomization of maladaptive habits

24
Q

what is systematic desensitization?

A

a gradual exposure to a feared stimulus or situation is coupled with relaxation training, this helps people to handle an anxiety inducing situation

25
Q

how does systematic desensitization work?

A

it start say slowly increasing the intensity of the triggering experience slowly (with an anxiety hierarchy) until the patient can handle the real thing, then there is a relaxation training phase where they learn to relax from the stimuli, then the first 2 stages are worked through again to decrease the anxiety

26
Q

what is flooding?

A

when the patient goes straight in to the most challenging part of the hierarchy, exposing themselves to the scenario that causes the most anxiety and panic

27
Q

what does flooding do?

A

it hopefully would help them discover that there are no truly negative consequences and that the person has “gotten over it”

28
Q

what is virtual reality exposure (VRE)?

A

a treatment that uses graphical displays to create an experience in which the patient seems to be immersed in an actual environment

29
Q

what is adverse conditioning?

A

a behavioural technique that involves replacing a positive to a stimulus with a negative response, typically using punishment

30
Q

what is an example of adverse conditioning?

A

using Antabuse to reduce alcohol consumption because it causes nausea and vomiting when combined with alcohol, the drug classically conditions the person to have an version to alcohol, requires consistency everyday and willpower

31
Q

what is the downside of behavioural therapies?

A

they do not directly address problematic thoughts, it makes this therapies difficult to help with depression and anxiety

32
Q

what is cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT)?

A

a form of therapy that consists of procedures such as cognitive restructuring, stress inoculation training and exposing people to experiences they may have a tendency to avoid

33
Q

why does exposing people to a thought help get rid of it in cognitive behavioural therapies?

A

because avoiding thoughts and stressful situations tends to reinforce the negative feelings that would arise, helping patients face negativity allows them the opportunity to gain insight about these feelings and gain methods of coping

34
Q

what does cognitive behavioural therapies focus on?

A

it focuses on the present more than the past

35
Q

what does the behavioural side of cognitive behavioural therapies give to the patients?

A

it gives patients relaxation techniques to help cope with their negative feelings

36
Q

what does the cognitive side of cognitive behavioural therapies give to the patients?

A

they are given exercises and strategies to build more functional habits through cognitive restructuring and shifting ones beliefs and interpretations

37
Q

what is the most important part that makes cognitive behavioural therapies work?

A

it falls to the patient to put the behaviours learned in therapy into practice and actively practicing their cognitive strategies

38
Q

what is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)?

A

a technique that combines mindfulness meditation with standard cognitive-behavioural therapy tools

39
Q

has there been an integration of mindfulness based therapy in to cognitive behavioural therapy?

A

yes it has been integrated into the western modern techniques

40
Q

what is the main differences between cognitive behavioural therapies and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

A

cognitive based therapy there is a basic orientation of “fixing oneself” and becoming aware of a persons patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours to gain greater control so that the negative patterns get replace

mindfulness cognitive behavioural therapies involve consciously adopting an orientation of accepting oneself fully, you don’t have to do anything about problematic thoughts and feelings. just observe them without reacting

41
Q

what are the 2 main element in mindfulness cognitive behaviour therapy?

A

COAL
curious, open, accepting and loving

decentering

42
Q

what is decentring?

A

occurs when a person is able to step back from their normal consciousness and examine them selves more objectively as an observer

43
Q

what is an example of decentering?

A

if you are reading then you suddenly become aware of yourself reading as though you are looking at yourself from a third person perspective

44
Q

what does decentering do for a person?

A

it lets you detach yourself from the damaging consequences of your thoughts and lets you think more clearly and decide the best way to respond to the situation

45
Q

what does practicing mindfulness techniques do to your brain?

A

it can lead to changes in white matter pathways connecting brain areas related to affective and anxiety disorders, including the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus

46
Q

what is a cognitive benefit of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

A

improvements in attentional control and emotional regulation

47
Q

what is group and family therapies?

A

when group members share their personal stories and experiences, the bonding and support that occur in this context can be very powerful

48
Q

why would a psychologist conduct family therapy?

A

if a patients difficulties stem from or are reinforced by unhealthy dynamics within the family

49
Q

what approach do family therapists take in family therapy sessions?

A

a systems approach

50
Q

what is a systems approach?

A

an orientation that encourages therapists to see an individuals symptoms as being influenced by many interactions systems, one important system is the family system

51
Q

what are the 2 things that behavioural therapies are best for treating?

A

anxiety disorders
certain problematic behaviours

52
Q

what are the 2 things that cognitive-behavioural therapies are best for treating?

A

depression
anxiety, obesity and eating disorders

53
Q

what are the 2 most used and effective psychological treatments?

A

cognitive-behavioural therapies
behavioural therapies

intro psych (48 decks)

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