chapter 7.2 Flashcards
what is an example of rehersal?
if someone gave you an address to a party and you didn’t have a pen and paper near by, so you said it over and over again until you got some paper and a pen
what determines effectiveness of rehearsal to keep something on our memory?
it does not depend on how long you rehearse it, but how rehearse it
what is maintenance rehearsal?
prolonging exposure to information by repeating it
does maintenance rehearsal help the formation of long-term memories?
no
what is elaborative rehearsal?
prolonging exposure to information by thinking about its meaning
does elaborative rehearsal impact the formation of long-term memories?
yes
what is an example of elaborative rehearsal?
repeating the word bottle and then imagining what a bottle looks like and how it is used
what does matinance rehearsal help us with?
remember something for a very short time
what is levels of processing?
when we focus on elaborate encoding, where additional sensory or semantic (meaning) information is associated with the to-be remembered item
what are the 2 kinds of levels of processing?
shallow processing
deep processing
what is shallow processing?
involves encoding more superficial properties of a stimulus, such as the sound or spelling of a word
what is deep processing?
generally related to encoding information about an items meaning or its function
how much more likely are we to recall a deeply processed word than a shallow processed word?
we are 7 times more likely to recall a deeply processed word than one that was processed at a shallow level
what is the-self reference effect?
occurs when you think about information in terms of how it related to you or how it is useful to you, this type of encoding will lead to you remembering information better than you other wise would have
once information is encoded in either deep or shallow fashion, what do we have to do to that information when it is needed?
retrieve it
what is recognition?
involves identifying a stimulus or piece of information when it is presented do you
what is an example of recognition?
Identifiying someone you know on the bus or answering multiple-choice questions on a test
what is recall?
involves retrieving information when asked but without that information being present during the retrieval process
what is an example of recall?
describing a friends appearance to someone else or answering short-answer or essay questions on a test
what are retrieval cues?
hints that help prompt our memory, the more detailed the clue the easier for us to retrieve the memory