chapter 10.3

Question 1

when does puberty begin?

Answer 1

approximately 11 in girls and 13 in boys

Question 2

what causes the changes during puberty?

Answer 2

hormonal activity

Question 3

what are the 2 traits that develop during puberty?

Answer 3

primary sex traits
secondary sex traits

Question 4

what are primary sex traits?

Answer 4

changes in the body that are part of reproduction (ability to ejaculate)

Question 5

what are secondary sex traits?

Answer 5

changes in the body that are not part of reproduction (growth of hair and muscle mass)

Question 6

what is menarche?

Answer 6

the onset of menstruation

Question 7

what does menarche start for girls?

Answer 7

around 12

Question 8

what is the timing of menarche influenced by?

Answer 8

nutrition
genentics
physically activity levels
family structure (absent father)

Question 9

what is spermarche?

Answer 9

the first ejaculation of sperm by boys

Question 10

when does spermarche happen for boy?

Answer 10

around 14

Question 11

does puberty happen earlier now than in the past?

Answer 11

yes, American teens in the 1900s started puberty on average of age 16 or 17

Question 12

is the capacity to regulate emotion still developing during puberty?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

how can self-control strategies help adolescence regulate their emotions?

Answer 13

if they have a number of adaptive strategies to deal with their emotions they are less likely to develop anxiety or depression

Question 14

what is one of the most powerful strategies for dealing with emotions?

Answer 14

cognitive reframing

Question 15

what is cognitive reframing?

Answer 15

where we learn to look at our experience through a different frame

Question 16

what is an example of cognitive reframing?

Answer 16

failure can be reframed as a learning opportunity to learn

Question 17

what brain structure does cognitive reframing rely on?

Answer 17

the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 18

what is the most important skills adolescents need as they move in to adulthood?

Answer 18

delaying gratification

Question 19

what is delaying gratification?

Answer 19

involved putting off immediate temptations in order to focus on longer-term goals

Question 20

what is an example of delaying gratification?

Answer 20

should you party with your friends or study for the test next week

Question 21

what part of the brain Is responsible for making smart decisions?

Answer 21

the prefrontal cortex

Question 22

what created the most influential theory of the development of moral reasoning?

Answer 22

Lawrence kohlberg

Question 23

what are the 3 stages of moral development?

Answer 23

pre conventional morality
conventional morality
post conventional morality

Question 24

what is pre conventional morality?

Answer 24

characterized by self-interest in seeking reward or avoiding punishment

Question 25

what is an example of pre conventional morality in the trolley example?

Answer 25

they would not slip the switch on the trolley track because they would get in trouble

Question 26

what is conventional morality?

Answer 26

regards social conventions and rules as guides for appropriate moral behaviour

Question 27

what is an example of conventional morality in the trolley example?

Answer 27

they would not flip the switch because it is illegal to kill and if they intervened they would violate the law

Question 28

what is post conventional morality?

Answer 28

considers rules and laws as relative

Question 29

what is an example of post conventional morality in the trolley example?

Answer 29

I would flip the switch to save the 5 lives because 5 lives exceeds one, so saving the 5 is the right thing even if it kills the one

Question 30

does moral reasoning predict behaviour very well?

Answer 30

no, just because someone knows that somthing is morally wrong, doesn’t mean they wont do it

Question 31

what does Jonathan haidt believe moral judgment is guided by?

Answer 31

it is guided by our intuition not rationality and thinking a scenario through to decide if it is moral

Question 32

what is identity?

Answer 32

a clear sense of what kind of person you are, what types of people you belong with, and what roles you should play in society

Question 33

can teenagers have many identity crises before adult hood?

Answer 33

yes