chapter 6.3

Question 1

what is latent learning?

Answer 1

learning that is not immediately expressed by a response until the organism is reinforced for doing so

Question 2

what is observational learning?

Answer 2

involves changes in behaviour and knowledge that result from watching others

Question 3

how does observational learning impact cultural customs?

Answer 3

the cultural customs of food preferences, clothing styles, athletic events, holidays and music taste exist due to observational learning

Question 4

what is an example of observational learning?

Answer 4

cats who saw other cats jump over a wall to avoid shock, learned quicker to do so than cats who did not see other cats jumping

Question 5

what are the 4 processes involved in observational learning?

Answer 5

attention to the act or behaviour
memory for it
ability to reproduce it
motivation to do so

Question 6

is it necessary to have all 4 processes of observational learning present for observational learning to take place?

Answer 6

yes it is important that all 4 are present or else observational learning cannot take place

Question 7

what is one of the primary mechanisms that allows observations learning to take place?

Answer 7

imitation

Question 8

what is imitation?

Answer 8

recreating someone else’s motor behaviour or expression, often to accomplish a specific goal

Question 9

what is an example of imitation?

Answer 9

a baby will imitate other babies in a group

babies will learn do to things by imitating models or parents

Question 10

true or false, humans are the only species with the ability to teach others?

Answer 10

false

Question 11

true or false, among nonhuman animals, fathers are more likely then mothers to transmit new and unique behaviours to their young?

Answer 11

false

Question 12

what are mirror neurons?

Answer 12

neurons that are active when imitating other actions and observational learning and it sensitive to the purpose or goal of the imitated action