chapter 9.2

Question 1

is intelligence a single, general ability?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

who is charels spearman?

Answer 2

he began by developing techniques to calculate correlations among multiple measures of mental ability

Question 3

what is an example of charels spearmans test?

Answer 3

scores on tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension and verbal reasoning correlate highly together and would form a factor we might refer to as verbal intelligence

Question 4

what were the 2 types of independent abilities that created the overarching ability of intelligence?

Answer 4

math and language abilities

Question 5

what did spearman hypothesize?

Answer 5

general intelligence factor (g)

Question 6

what is the general intelligence factor?

Answer 6

a persons mental energy, reflecting spearmens belief that some people brains are simply more powerful than others

Question 7

do measures of general intelligence tell the whole story?

Answer 7

no, they do not tell us much about how intelligence works, only whether people tend to do well on various types of tasks

Question 8

what is one explanation as to why general intelligence does not tell the whole story?

Answer 8

because people each possess individual skills that cause for some variability in the general intelligence testing

Question 9

to account for this specific skill set impacting general intelligence, what did spearman do?

Answer 9

created “S” to represent specific level, skill based intelligence

Question 10

what was the 2 factor theory?

Answer 10

intelligence was comprised of general intelligence (g) and skill or ability level for a given task (s)

Question 11

what was the first influential theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 11

a theory created by Louis thurstone who examined scores of general intelligence tests and using factor analysis found 7 clusters of primary metal abilities

Question 12

what are the 7 primary mental abilities?

Answer 12

word fluency
verbal comprehension
numeric abilities
spatial visualization
memory
perceptual speed
reasoning

Question 13

what settled the controversy of two factor intelligence models?

Answer 13

the potion of hierarchical models that describe how some types of intelligence are nested within other in a similar manner

Question 14

what does the general hierarchical model describe?

Answer 14

how our lowest level abilities are nested within a middle level that roughly corresponds to thurstones primary mental abilities and those are nested within a general intelligence

Question 15

what does the general hierarchical model show?

Answer 15

that general intelligence is made up of a small number of sub-abilities, each of which is made up of a large number of specific ability that apply to individual tasks

Question 16

what did Howard Gardner propose?

Answer 16

an elaborate theory of multiple intelligence’s

Question 17

what is the theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer 17

a model claiming that there are at least 9 different forms of intelligence, each independent from the others

Question 18

what are the 9 different types of intelligence?

Answer 18

verbal/linguistic intelligence
logical/ mathematical intelligence
visuospatial intelligence
bodily/kinaesthetic intelligence
musical/ rhythmical intelligence
interpersonal intelligence
self/ intrapersonal intelligence
naturalist intelligence
existential intelligence

Question 19

what is verbal/ lingistic intelligence?

Answer 19

the ability to read, write and speak effectively

Question 20

what is logical/mathimatic intelligence?

Answer 20

the ability to think with numbers and use abstract thought; the ability to use logic or mathematical operations to solve problems

Question 21

what is visuospatial intelligence?

Answer 21

the ability to create mental pictures, manipulate them in the imagination and use them to solve problems

Question 22

what is bodily/ kinaesthetic intelligence?

Answer 22

the ability to control body movements, to balance and to sense how the body is situated

Question 23

what is musical/ rhythmical intelligence?

Answer 23

the ability to produce and comprehend tonal and rhythmic patterns

Question 24

what is interpersonal intelligence?

Answer 24

the ability to detect another persons emotional states, motives and thoughts

Question 25

what is self/ intrapersonal intelligence?

Answer 25

self-awareness; the ability to accurately judge your own abilities an identify your own emotions and motives

Question 26

what is naturalist intelligence?

Answer 26

the ability to recognize and identify process in the natural world, plants, animals and so on

Question 27

what is existential intelligence?

Answer 27

the tendency and ability to ask questions about purpose in life and the meaning of human existence

Question 28

true or false, a person can be a visual leaner, meaning that they are better able to learn by viewing information rather than hearing it?

Answer 28

false

Question 29

true or false, a person may require information to be encoded in a kinaesthetic fashion rather than through sight or sound in order to learn it well?

Answer 29

false

Question 30

is there a difference in IQ between males and females?

Answer 30

no there is no difference in average

Question 31

is is there more variability in males IQ scores or in women’s IQ scores?

Answer 31

there is more variability in males IQ scores

Question 32

what are the differences in that do emerge between the sexes regarding IQ?

Answer 32

females on average are better at verbal measures, some memory tasks and the ability to read people basic emotions

men are better at visuospatial abilities such as mentally rotating objects or aiming at objects