chapter 15.3

Question 1

what are anxiety disorders?

Answer 1

a category of disorder involving fear or nervousness that is excessive, irrational and maladaptive

Question 2

what is the most frequently diagnosed disorder?

Answer 2

anxiety disorders

Question 3

do anxiety disorders often occur with another disorder?

Answer 3

yes, most commonly depression or obsessive compulsive disorders, substance abuse or problematic behaviour patterns such as an excessive need to be in control of situations

Question 4

how does anxiety impact our fight or flight response?

Answer 4

it causes us to activate this stress response system throughout our days to the point where it can become harmful to us and becomes maladaptive

Question 5

what are the 3 types of anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
panic disorder
agoraphobia

Question 6

what is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Answer 6

involves frequently elevated levels of anxiety, generally from the normal challenges and stresses of everyday life

Question 7

how does a person with generalized anxiety disorder experience life?

Answer 7

they fear disaster is lurking around every corner and have a difficulty understanding why they feel anxious and is difficult to resolve the anxiety

Question 8

what is a persons mood with general anxiety disorder like?

Answer 8

they are very irritable and unstable moods,

Question 9

how can someone develop general anxiety disorder?

Answer 9

major life changes can cause it

Question 10

what is panic disorder?

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder marked by occasional episodes of sudden, very intense fear

Question 11

what is a key feature of panic disorder?

Answer 11

panic attacks

Question 12

what are panic attacks?

Answer 12

brief moments of extreme fear and anxiety that include a Ruch of physical activity paired with freighting thoughts

Question 13

what is agoraphobia?

Answer 13

an intense fear of having a panic attack in public and as a result of this fear the individual may begin to avoid public settings and increasingly isolate their self

Question 14

what is a phobia?

Answer 14

a severe irrational fear of a very specific object or situation

Question 15

what is a specific phobia?

Answer 15

a fear of a specific object , activity or organism

Question 16

what is an example of a specific phobia?

Answer 16

being afraid of a specific animal or heights or thinner

Question 17

what are the 5 main types of phobias?

Answer 17

natural environmental type
situational type
animal type
blood/injection/injury type
other type

Question 18

what is an example of natural environmental type of phobia?

Answer 18

fear of heights, thunder storms or large bodies of water

Question 19

what is an example of situational types of phobias?

Answer 19

closed spaces (elevators) or crowds

Question 20

what is an example of animal type phobias?

Answer 20

fear of spiders, snakes or mice

Question 21

what is an example of blood/injection/injury type of phobia?

Answer 21

seeing blood or broken bones or seeing needles

Question 22

what is an example of other types of phobias?

Answer 22

fear of vomiting or choking

Question 23

what is social anxiety disorder?

Answer 23

a Avery specific strong fear of being judged by others or being embarrassed or humiliated in public

Question 24

how do people with social anxiety disorder deal with their anxiety?

Answer 24

they tend to develop familiar routines and retaining control over their ability to exit circumstances

Question 25

what is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer 25

individuals that are plagued by unwanted, inappropriate and persistent obsessions and engage in repetitive often ritualistic behaviours

Question 26

what is a common manifestation of someone with OCD?

Answer 26

someone being very concerned with germs and cleanliness, they may wash hands many times a day or become vigilant about the chemicals in food or cleaning products

Question 27

what is the most recent explanation what in the brain causes OCD?

Answer 27

a poorly performing orbitofrontal loop but also involves abnormal activity in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex

Question 28

what percentage of adults in canada and the us are affected by mood disorders?

Answer 28

almost 10%

Question 29

are men or women more impacted by depression?

Answer 29

due to a combination of cognate ice and sociocultural differences, rates of depression are twice as high among women as among men

Question 30

how does living in poverty impact getting depression?

Answer 30

it is 3 times as high in people who are living in poverty

Question 31

what is major depression?

Answer 31

a disorder marked by prolonged periods of sadness, feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, social withdrawal and cognitive and physical sluggishness

Question 32

what are some cognitive impacts of major depression?

Answer 32

concentrating and making decisions is harder and and memories shift towards negative events

Question 33

what are some physical impacts of major depression?

Answer 33

they may be lethargic and sleepy but experience insomnia as well as a loss of appetite

Question 34

what are some cumulative and daily impact of life activities that impact people with major depression?

Answer 34

their daily activities are interfered with feelings of despair, uselessness and a lack of energy and motivation. it can also cause problems at work, home, relationships and financial problems as well as problems in their social life

Question 35

how does a depressed person think about their self?

Answer 35

they begin to emphasize negative, self defeating and self critical thoughts and develop a depressive or pessimistic explanatory style

Question 36

what are the 3 elements of the depressive or pessimistic explanatory style?

Answer 36

internalizing
stabilizing
globalizing

Question 37

what is an example of the depressive or pessimistic explanatory style?

Answer 37

if someone loses their keys, they would internalize (I am so stupid I always do this I am so worthless) they would stabilize (I am always going to be this way and nothing will change) and globalize (this applies to everything I do)

Question 38

how much of a role does genetics have in getting major depression?

Answer 38

yes underlying genetics have a large part in getting major depression

Question 39

what is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 39

the interaction between a genetic predisposition for a disorder and stress life

Question 40

what does the diathesis-stress model suggest?

Answer 40

when people who are genetically prone to developing depression experiences life stressors, this nature-nurture interaction will alter the activity of various brain areas and will intern will lead to symptoms of major depression

Question 41

how does the depressed brain impact the amygdala?

Answer 41

the depressed brain is frequently overactive and overstimulates the HPA axis and as a result larger amount of cortisol to circulate in the body

Question 42

what are some sociocultural and environmental influences of depression?

Answer 42

the quality of a persons neighbourhood
economic stressors and unemployment
poverty
less supportive social networks in the community
low rates of home ownership

Question 43

what is bipolar disorder?

Answer 43

characterized by extreme highs and lows in mood, motivation and energy

Question 44

what are some symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Answer 44

depression and mania at one end and an extremely energized and positive mood at the other end

Question 45

what in the brain causes manic episodes?

Answer 45

an altered activity in brain networks related to reward processing

Question 46

how does an individual feel in a manic state?

Answer 46

they feel little concern about the potential consequences of their actions but later as they become more balanced they feel a great deal of remorse and embarrassment for their actions

Question 47

what is the second leading cause of death among canadian youth?

Answer 47

suicide

Question 48

is suicide more likely in men or women?

Answer 48

it is 4 times as likely in men as it is women

Question 49

how does suicide impact the elderly?

Answer 49

suicide rates are 60% higher in people 65 and older