Chapter 7: Urinary System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests Flashcards
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
interstitial nephritis
Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones (renal calculi)
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
polycystic kidney disease
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
renal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
renal failure
Decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function
renal hypertension
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
Wilms tumor
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
bladder cancer
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
diabetes insipidus
Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted or there is a resistance of the kidney to the antidiuretic hormone
diabetes mellitus
Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
blood, urea, nitrogen
BUN
Measurement of urea levels in blood
creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
CT urography
X-ray images obtained using computed tomography (CT) showing multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney
kidneys, ureters, bladder
KUB
X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
renal angiography
X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney
retrograde pyelogram
X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
voiding cystourethrogram (VCU)
X-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding
ultrasonography
Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves
radioisotope scane
Image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream
MRI urography
Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
cystoscopy
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
dialysis
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
lithotripsy
Urinary tract stones are crushed
renal angioplasty
Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
renal biopsy
Removal of kidney tissues for microscopic examination
renal transplantation
Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
urinary catheterization
Passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
Foley catheter
Indwelling (left inside the bladder) catheter held in place by a balloon inflated with liquid
hemodialysis
Uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient’s bloodstream, filters it and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body
peritoneal dialysis
Uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Waste materials in the capillaries of the peritoneum pass out of the bloodstream and into the fluid, which is then removed by the catheter
parenchyma
Essential and distinctive tissue
essential hypertension or primary hypertension
The most common type of high blood pressure
