Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Vocabulary Flashcards
respiration
The mechanical process of breathing
external respiration
Exchange of air at the lungs.
Oxygen is inhaled and simultaneously, carbon dioxide is being exhaled.
internal (cellular) respiration
Involves the exchange of gases at the cellular level with the internal organs
nose
External extremity that allows for respiration
nares
nostrils
nasal cavity
Cavity behind the nose lined with a mucous membrane and fine hairs. Warms and moistens the air
cilia
Fine hairs help filter out foreign bodies
paranasal sinuses
Hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. They contain a mucous membrane.
pharynx
Throat.
Three (3) divisions:
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
Contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Collections of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
oropharynx
Below the nasopharynx and closer to the mouth. Contains the palatine tonsils
palatine tonsils
Two round masses of lymphatic tissues in the oropharynx
laryngopharynx
Serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose. It divides the laryns and esophagus
larynx
Voice box
esophagus
Carries food via peristalsis to the stomach
epiglottis
Flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue to prevent choking or aspiration of food
trachea
Windpipe
mediastinum
Space in the centre of the chest
bronchus
(singular)
bronchi
(plural)
Tubes composed of delicate epithelium surrounded by cartilage rings and a muscular wall. Each bronchus leads to a separate lung
bronchioles
Small bronchial branches
terminal bronchiole
Narrows into aveolar ducts
alveolus
(singular)
alveoli
(plural)
Collections of air sacs. Each alveolus is lined with a one-cell-thick layer of epithelium. The thin wall permits an exchange of gases between the alveolus and capillary.
capillary
Small artery that accepts oxygen from the alveolus while depositing carbon dioxide into the alveolus.
erythrocytes
Red blood cells that carry oxygen away from the lungs to all parts of the body and brings carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
pleura
Double-layered membrane
- parietal pleura
- visceral pleura
parietal pleura
Layer of the membrane nearer to the ribs
visceral pleura
Inner layer of the membrane closer to the lungs
lobes
Division of a lung
The right lung is divided into three (3) lobes.
The left lung is divided into two (2) lobes.
apex
The uppermost part of the lung
base
The lower most point of the lung
hilum
The midline region of the lung in which blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit.
diaphragm
A muscular partition separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavity. Aids in the process of breathing.
inhalation
inspiration
The diaphragm contracts and descends when breathing in
exhalation
expiration
The diaphragm relaxes and ascends when breathing out
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine. Exhaled through the lungs.
glottis
Slit-like opening to the larynx.
oxygen (O2)
Gas that makes up 21% of air. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.
pulmonary parenchyma
Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
Flow of inhalation from nose to lungs
Nose (nares) Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries (bloodstream)
