Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Vocabulary

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

The mechanical process of breathing

Question 2

external respiration

Answer 2

Exchange of air at the lungs.

Oxygen is inhaled and simultaneously, carbon dioxide is being exhaled.

Question 3

internal (cellular) respiration

Answer 3

Involves the exchange of gases at the cellular level with the internal organs

Question 4

nose

Answer 4

External extremity that allows for respiration

Question 5

nares

Answer 5

nostrils

Question 6

nasal cavity

Answer 6

Cavity behind the nose lined with a mucous membrane and fine hairs. Warms and moistens the air

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

Fine hairs help filter out foreign bodies

Question 8

paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

Hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. They contain a mucous membrane.

Question 9

pharynx

Answer 9

Throat.

Three (3) divisions:

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 10

nasopharynx

Answer 10

Contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Question 11

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Answer 11

Collections of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Question 12

oropharynx

Answer 12

Below the nasopharynx and closer to the mouth. Contains the palatine tonsils

Question 13

palatine tonsils

Answer 13

Two round masses of lymphatic tissues in the oropharynx

Question 14

laryngopharynx

Answer 14

Serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose. It divides the laryns and esophagus

Question 15

larynx

Answer 15

Voice box

Question 16

esophagus

Answer 16

Carries food via peristalsis to the stomach

Question 17

epiglottis

Answer 17

Flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue to prevent choking or aspiration of food

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

Windpipe

Question 19

mediastinum

Answer 19

Space in the centre of the chest

Question 20

bronchus
(singular)

bronchi
(plural)

Answer 20

Tubes composed of delicate epithelium surrounded by cartilage rings and a muscular wall. Each bronchus leads to a separate lung

Question 21

bronchioles

Answer 21

Small bronchial branches

Question 22

terminal bronchiole

Answer 22

Narrows into aveolar ducts

Question 23

alveolus
(singular)

alveoli
(plural)

Answer 23

Collections of air sacs. Each alveolus is lined with a one-cell-thick layer of epithelium. The thin wall permits an exchange of gases between the alveolus and capillary.

Question 24

capillary

Answer 24

Small artery that accepts oxygen from the alveolus while depositing carbon dioxide into the alveolus.

Question 25

erythrocytes

Answer 25

Red blood cells that carry oxygen away from the lungs to all parts of the body and brings carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 26

pleura

Answer 26

Double-layered membrane - parietal pleura - visceral pleura

Question 27

parietal pleura

Answer 27

Layer of the membrane nearer to the ribs

Question 28

visceral pleura

Answer 28

Inner layer of the membrane closer to the lungs

Question 29

lobes

Answer 29

Division of a lung The right lung is divided into three (3) lobes. The left lung is divided into two (2) lobes.

Question 30

apex

Answer 30

The uppermost part of the lung

Question 31

base

Answer 31

The lower most point of the lung

Question 32

hilum

Answer 32

The midline region of the lung in which blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit.

Question 33

diaphragm

Answer 33

A muscular partition separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavity. Aids in the process of breathing.

Question 34

inhalation | inspiration

Answer 34

The diaphragm contracts and descends when breathing in

Question 35

exhalation | expiration

Answer 35

The diaphragm relaxes and ascends when breathing out

Question 36

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 36

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine. Exhaled through the lungs.

Question 37

glottis

Answer 37

Slit-like opening to the larynx.

Question 38

oxygen (O2)

Answer 38

Gas that makes up 21% of air. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.

Question 39

pulmonary parenchyma

Answer 39

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.

Question 40

Flow of inhalation from nose to lungs

Answer 40

``` Nose (nares) Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries (bloodstream) ```