Chapter 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Pathology and Laboratory Tests

Question 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS

Answer 1

Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

Question 2

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 2

Cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark-purplish skin nodules

Question 3

lymphoma

Answer 3

Cancer of lymph nodes

Question 4

wasting syndrome

Answer 4

Weight loss and decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity. May occur with AIDS

Question 5

human immunodeficiency virus

HIV

Answer 5

Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS. Destroys helper (CD4+) T cells (containing the CD4 protein antigen).

Question 6

allergy

Answer 6

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Question 7

allergic rhinitis

Answer 7

Hay fever; caused by pollen or animal dander

Question 8

systemic anaphylaxis

Answer 8

An extraordinary hypersensitive reaction occurs throughout the body, leading to fall in blood pressure, shock, respiratory distress, and edema of the larynx

Question 9

asthma

Answer 9

Allergic reaction to pollens, dust, mold

Question 10

hives

Answer 10

Allergic reaction caused by food or drugs

Question 11

atopic dermatitis

Answer 11

Rash from soaps, cosmetics, chemicals

Question 12

lymphoma

Answer 12

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Question 13

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 13

Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

Question 14

multiple myeloma

Answer 14

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

Question 15

thymoma

Answer 15

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland

Question 16

allergen

Answer 16

Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

Question 17

anaphylaxis

Answer 17

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substances

Question 18

atopy

Answer 18

Hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition

Question 19

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Answer 19

Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue

Question 20

opportunistic infections

Answer 20

Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

Question 21

protease inhibitor

Answer 21

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

Question 22

reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Answer 22

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

Question 23

CD4+ cell count

Answer 23

Measures the number of CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

Question 24

ELISA

Answer 24

Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

Question 25

immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 25

Test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)

Question 26

viral load test

Answer 26

Measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

Question 27

computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer 27

X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures