Chapter 16: Skin: Pathology and Laboratory Tests Flashcards by Jenn Dobrotinic

lesion

Area of abnormal tissue anywhere on the body

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crust

Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

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cyst

Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material

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erosion

Wearing away or loss of epidermis

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fissure

Groove or crack-like sore

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macule

Flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

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patch

A macule over 1 cm in diameter

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nodule

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

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papule

Small (less than 1 cm in diameter) solid elevation of the skin

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polyp

Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

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pustule

Papule containing pus

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ulcer

Open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than an erosion)

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decubitus ulcer

Bedsores caused by pressure that results from lying in one position

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abscess

Collection of pus

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pilonidal cyst

Cyst found over the sacral area of the back in the midline and contains hairs

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sebaceous cyst

A collection of yellowish, cheesy sebum commonly found on the scalp, vulva, and scrotum

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plaque

Elevated flat lesion

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pimple

Type of papule

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vesicle

Small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister

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bulla
(singular)

bullae
(plural)

A large vesicle

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wheal

Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder or paler than the surrounding skin

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alopecia

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

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alopecia areata

An autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation

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ecchymosis
(singular)

ecchymoses
(plural)

Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin

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petechia (singular) petechiae (plural)

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage

pruritus

Itching

acne

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum

acne vulgaris

Caused by buildup of sebum and keratin in the pores of the skin

comedo (singular) comedone (plural)

Blackhead

whitehead

A pore becomes completely blocked

burns

Injury to tissues caused by heat contact

first-degree burn

Superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters

second-degree burn | partial-thickness burn injury

Epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia

third-degree burn | full-thickness burn injury

Epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin) and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue

cellulitis

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

eczema | atopic dermatitis

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematosus, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions

exanthematous viral diseases

Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

rubella

German measles

rubeola

Measles

varicella

Chickenpox

gangrene

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

impetigo

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

psoriasis

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

palliative

Relieving symptoms but not curing

scabies

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

scleroderma

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

systemic lupus erythematosus | SLE

Chronic autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

discoid lupus erythematosus

Photosensitive, scaling, plaque-like eruption of the skin confined to the face, scalp, ears, chest, arms, and back. It heals with scarring

lupus vulgaris

A cutaneous form of tuberculosis

tinea

Infection of the skin caused by a fungus

tinea corporis

Ringworm. Infection is in a ring-like pattern

tinea pedia

Athlete's foot

tinea capitis

Skin infection on the scalp

tinea barbae

Skin infection under a beard

tinea unguium

Skin infection of the nails

urticaria | hives

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

angioedema

Swelling around the face

vitiligo

Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches). Form of leukoderma

callus

Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

corn

Type of callus that develops a hard core (a whitish, cone-shaped central kernel)

keloid

Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

keratosis

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage

cicatric

A normal scar left by a healed wound

actinic keratosis

A precancerous lesion caused by long-term ultraviolet light exposure. Can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma

seborrheic keratosis

A benign lesion that results from overgrowth of the upper epidermis and is dark in colour

leukoplakia

White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek. Evolves to squamous cell carcinoma

nevus (singular) nevi (plural)

Pigmented lesion of the skin. Commonly known as moles

dysplastic nevi

Moles that have atypical calls and may progress to form a type of skin cancer called melanoma

verruca (singular) verrucae (plural)

Epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

verruca vulgaris

More frequent type of wart

plantar wart

Occur on the soles of the feet

basal cell carcinoma

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

squamous cell carcincoma

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

malignant melanoma

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

Kaposi sarcoma

Malignant, vascular neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

bacterial analyses

Samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

fungal tests

Scraping from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination

cryosurgery

Use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

curettage

Use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

electrodesiccation

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

Mohs surgery

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection

skin biopsy

Suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist

skin test

Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

patch test

An allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin

scratch test

Several scratches are made in the skin and a very minute amount of test material is inserted into the scratches