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nuc0520 med100c terminology > Chapter 10: Nervous System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests Flashcards

1
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain.

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2
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect).

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3
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning.

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4
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ALS

A

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem.

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5
Q

epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.

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6
Q

Huntington disease

A

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration.

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7
Q

multiple sclerosis

MS

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement of plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

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8
Q

myasthenia gravia

A

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.

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9
Q

palsy

A

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function).

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10
Q

Parkinson disease

A

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

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11
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

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12
Q

herpes zoster

shingles

A

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves.

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13
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis.

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14
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

A

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS.

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15
Q

brain tumor

A

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges.

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16
Q

cerebral concussion

A

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head.

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17
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head.

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18
Q

cerebrovascular accident

CVA

A

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain (stroke).

19
Q

migraine

A

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache.

20
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

Samples of CSF are examined.

21
Q

cerebral angiography

A

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material.

22
Q

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

A

Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

A

Magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord.

24
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells.

25
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.

26
Q

electroencephalography

A

Recording of the electrical activity in the brain.

27
Q

lumbar puncture

LP

A

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis.

28
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.

29
Q

absence seizure

A

Form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings.

30
Q

aneurysm

A

Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke).

31
Q

astrocytoma

A

Malignant tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells).

32
Q

aura

A

Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure.

33
Q

dementia

A

Mental decline and deterioration.

34
Q

demyelination

A

Destruction of myelin on axons of neurons.

35
Q

dopamine

A

CNS neurotransmitter

36
Q

embolus

A

Clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel.

37
Q

gait

A

Manner of walking.

38
Q

ictal event

A

Pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure.

39
Q

occlusion

A

Blockage

40
Q

palliative

A

Relieving symptoms but not curing them.

41
Q

thymectomy

A

Removal of the thymus gland.

42
Q

transient ischemic attack

ISA

A

Short episode of neurological dysfunction. Type of cerebrovascular accident

43
Q

tic

A

Involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face.

44
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

Major (grand mal) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements.

nuc0520 med100c terminology (131 decks)

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