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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 2: Whole Body Terms: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Whole Body Terms: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

Surrounds and protects the cell.

Regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

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2
Q

nucleus

A

Controls the operations of the cell.

It directs cell division.

Determines the structure and function of the cell.

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

Rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain genes (DNA).

Sex cells (egg and sperm) contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. All other body cells contain 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes.

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4
Q

genes

A

There are several thousand genes in each chromosome in an orderly sequence.

Contains a chemical called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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5
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

Regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence (arrangement into genes) on each chromosome.

Resembles a series of recipes in code.

When it passes out of the nucleus, it directs the activities of the cell, such as cell division and protein synthesis.

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6
Q

karyotype

A

Photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number.

Determines whether chromosomes are normal or abnormal.

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

Includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.

Contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell.

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

Small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Uses nutrients and oxygen to release energy stored in food.

The total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell

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9
Q

catabolism

A

Chemical process where complex foods are broken down into smaller substances and energy is released by the mitochondria.

Provides the energy for cells.

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cell.

Manufacture proteins for the cell.

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Builds long chains of proteins

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12
Q

anabolism

A

Occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Process of building large proteins from small proteins called amino acids.

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

Located all over the body. Forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin.

Lines exocrine and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce.

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14
Q

epithelial

A

Originally referred to the tissue on the breast nipple. Now it describes all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.

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15
Q

muscle tissue

A

Voluntary muscle is found in arms, legs, and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.

Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control.

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16
Q

adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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17
Q

nerve tissue

A

Conducts impulses all over the body

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18
Q

muscle cell

A

Long and slender. Contains fibers that aid in contacting and relaxing

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19
Q

epithelial cell

A

May be square and flat to provide protection.

Covers the outside of the body and lines the surface of internal organs.

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20
Q

nerve cell

A

May be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

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21
Q

fat cell

A

Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

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22
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints.

Forms part of the external ear and the nose.

Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

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23
Q

histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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24
Q

larynx

A

Voice box.

Located at the upper part of the trachea

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25
Q

pharynx

A

Throat.

Serves as the common passageway for food and air.

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26
Q

pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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27
Q

thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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28
Q

ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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29
Q

urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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30
Q

uterus

A

Womb; Organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

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31
Q

What organs are included in the digestive system?

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestines (small and large)
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
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32
Q

What organs are included in the urinary or excretory system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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33
Q

What organs are included in the respiratory system?

A 
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
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34
Q

What organs are included in the female reproductive system?

A 
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Mammary glands
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35
Q

What organs are included in the male reproductive system?

A

Testes and associated tubes
Urethra
Penis
Prostate gland

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36
Q

What organs are included in the endocrine system?

A 
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Sex glands (ovaries and testes)
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Parathyroid glands
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37
Q

What organs are included in the nervous system?

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Collections of nerves

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38
Q

What organs are included in the circulatory system?

A 
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Lymphatic vessels and nodes
Spleen
Thymus gland
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39
Q

What organs are included in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Muscles
Bones
Joints

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40
Q

What are the skin and sense organs?

A 
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Eye
Ear
Nose
Tongue
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41
Q

What organs are included in the cranial cavity?

A

Brain

Pituitary gland

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42
Q

What organs are included in the thoracic cavity?

A 
Lungs
Heart
Esophagus
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Thymus gland
Aorta
43
Q

What are the two smaller cavities of the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavity: Space surrounding each lung. Pleura surrounds and protects the lungs.

Mediastinum: Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and lymph nodes.

44
Q

What organs are included in the abdominal cavity?

A 
Peritoneum
Diaphragm
Kidneys
Stomach
Small and large intestines
Spleen
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
45
Q

What organs are included in the pelvic cavity?

A 
Portions of the small and large intestines
Rectum
Urinary bladder
Urethra 
Ureters
Uterus and vagina in the female
46
Q

What organs are included in the spinal cavity?

A

Nerves of the spinal cord

47
Q

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

diaphragm

48
Q

abdominal cavity

A

Space below the chest. Also called the peritoneal cavity

49
Q

cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.

50
Q

dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back

51
Q

posterior

A

Pertaining to the back

52
Q

mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

53
Q

pelvic cavity

A

Space below the abdomen surrounded by the hip bones

54
Q

peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

Attaches to abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs

55
Q

pleura

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

56
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers

57
Q

spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column (backbone) containing the spinal cord. Also known as spinal canal

58
Q

thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus

59
Q

ventral

A

Pertaining to the front

60
Q

anterior

A

Pertaining to the front

61
Q

right hypochondriac region

abdominopelvic region

A

Right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen

62
Q

left hypochondriac region

abdominopelvic region

A

Left upper region below the rib cartilage

63
Q 
epigastric region
(abdominopelvic region)
A

Region above the stomach

64
Q

right lumbar region

abdominopelvic region

A

Right middle region near the waist

65
Q

left lumbar region

abdominopelvic region

A

Left middle region near the waist

66
Q 
umbilical region
(abdominopelvic region)
A

Region of the navel or umbilicus

67
Q

right inguinal region

abdominopelvic region

A

Right lower region near the groin. Also called right iliac region

68
Q

left inguinal region

abdominopelvic region

A

Left lower region near the groin. Also called left iliac region

69
Q 
hypogastric region
(abdominopelvic region)
A

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

70
Q

right upper quadrant

abdominopelvic quadrant

A

Contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine

71
Q

left upper quadrant

abdominopelvic quadrant

A

Contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine

72
Q

right lower quadrant

abdominopelvic quadrant

A

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

73
Q

left lower quadrant

abdominopelvic quadrant

A

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

74
Q

cervical division of the back

A

Neck region

7 cervical vertebrae: C1 to C7

75
Q

thoracic division of the back

A

Chest region

12 thoracic vertebrae, each joined to a rib: T1 to T12

76
Q

lumbar division of the back

A

Loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs and hipbone)

5 lumbar vertebrae: L1 to L5

77
Q

sacral division of the back

A

5 bones (S1 to S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum

78
Q

coccygeal division of the back

A

4 small bones fused together to form the coccyx (tailbone)

79
Q

vertebra

A

Single backbone

80
Q

vertebrae

A

Backbones

81
Q

spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

82
Q

spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

83
Q

disk or disc

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

84
Q

anterior

A

Front side of the body

85
Q

ventral

A

Front side of the body

86
Q

posterior

A

Back side of the body

87
Q

dorsal

A

Back side of the body

88
Q

deep

A

Away from the surface

89
Q

superficial

A

On the surface

90
Q

proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

91
Q

distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

92
Q

inferior

A

Below another structure

93
Q

superior

A

Above another structure

94
Q

medial

A

Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body

95
Q

lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

96
Q

supine

A

Lying on the back

97
Q

prone

A

Lying on the belly

98
Q

caudal

A

Pertaining to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body

99
Q

frontal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

100
Q

coronal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

101
Q

sagittal plane

A

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

102
Q

lateral plane

A

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

103
Q

transverse plane

A

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

104
Q

axial plane

A

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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