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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 2: Whole Body Terms: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Whole Body Terms: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

Surrounds and protects the cell.

Regulates what passes into and out of the cell.

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2
Q

nucleus

A

Controls the operations of the cell.

It directs cell division.

Determines the structure and function of the cell.

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

Rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain genes (DNA).

Sex cells (egg and sperm) contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. All other body cells contain 23 pairs (46 total) chromosomes.

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4
Q

genes

A

There are several thousand genes in each chromosome in an orderly sequence.

Contains a chemical called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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5
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

Regulates the activities of the cell according to its sequence (arrangement into genes) on each chromosome.

Resembles a series of recipes in code.

When it passes out of the nucleus, it directs the activities of the cell, such as cell division and protein synthesis.

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6
Q

karyotype

A

Photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number.

Determines whether chromosomes are normal or abnormal.

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

Includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.

Contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell.

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

Small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Uses nutrients and oxygen to release energy stored in food.

The total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell

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9
Q

catabolism

A

Chemical process where complex foods are broken down into smaller substances and energy is released by the mitochondria.

Provides the energy for cells.

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cell.

Manufacture proteins for the cell.

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11
Q

ribosomes

A

Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Builds long chains of proteins

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12
Q

anabolism

A

Occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Process of building large proteins from small proteins called amino acids.

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13
Q

epithelial tissue

A

Located all over the body. Forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin.

Lines exocrine and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce.

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14
Q

epithelial

A

Originally referred to the tissue on the breast nipple. Now it describes all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.

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15
Q

muscle tissue

A

Voluntary muscle is found in arms, legs, and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.

Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control.

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16
Q

adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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17
Q

nerve tissue

A

Conducts impulses all over the body

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18
Q

muscle cell

A

Long and slender. Contains fibers that aid in contacting and relaxing

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19
Q

epithelial cell

A

May be square and flat to provide protection.

Covers the outside of the body and lines the surface of internal organs.

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20
Q

nerve cell

A

May be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

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21
Q

fat cell

A

Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

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22
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints.

Forms part of the external ear and the nose.

Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

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23
Q

histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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24
Q

larynx

A

Voice box.

Located at the upper part of the trachea

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25
pharynx
Throat. Serves as the common passageway for food and air.
26
pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
27
thyroid gland
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
28
ureter
One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
29
urethra
Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
30
uterus
Womb; Organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.
31
What organs are included in the digestive system?
``` Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Intestines (small and large) Liver Gallbladder Pancreas ```
32
What organs are included in the urinary or excretory system?
Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra
33
What organs are included in the respiratory system?
``` Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs ```
34
What organs are included in the female reproductive system?
``` Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Mammary glands ```
35
What organs are included in the male reproductive system?
Testes and associated tubes Urethra Penis Prostate gland
36
What organs are included in the endocrine system?
``` Thyroid gland Pituitary gland Sex glands (ovaries and testes) Adrenal glands Pancreas Parathyroid glands ```
37
What organs are included in the nervous system?
Brain Spinal cord Nerves Collections of nerves
38
What organs are included in the circulatory system?
``` Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries Lymphatic vessels and nodes Spleen Thymus gland ```
39
What organs are included in the musculoskeletal system?
Muscles Bones Joints
40
What are the skin and sense organs?
``` Skin Hair Nails Sweat glands Sebaceous (oil) glands Eye Ear Nose Tongue ```
41
What organs are included in the cranial cavity?
Brain | Pituitary gland
42
What organs are included in the thoracic cavity?
``` Lungs Heart Esophagus Trachea Bronchial tubes Thymus gland Aorta ```
43
What are the two smaller cavities of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavity: Space surrounding each lung. Pleura surrounds and protects the lungs. Mediastinum: Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and lymph nodes.
44
What organs are included in the abdominal cavity?
``` Peritoneum Diaphragm Kidneys Stomach Small and large intestines Spleen Pancreas Liver Gallbladder ```
45
What organs are included in the pelvic cavity?
``` Portions of the small and large intestines Rectum Urinary bladder Urethra Ureters Uterus and vagina in the female ```
46
What organs are included in the spinal cavity?
Nerves of the spinal cord
47
What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
diaphragm
48
abdominal cavity
Space below the chest. Also called the peritoneal cavity
49
cranial cavity
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
50
dorsal
Pertaining to the back
51
posterior
Pertaining to the back
52
mediastinum
Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.
53
pelvic cavity
Space below the abdomen surrounded by the hip bones
54
peritoneum
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. Attaches to abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs
55
pleura
Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
56
pleural cavity
Space between the pleural layers
57
spinal cavity
Space within the spinal column (backbone) containing the spinal cord. Also known as spinal canal
58
thoracic cavity
Space in the chest containing heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus
59
ventral
Pertaining to the front
60
anterior
Pertaining to the front
61
right hypochondriac region | abdominopelvic region
Right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen
62
left hypochondriac region | abdominopelvic region
Left upper region below the rib cartilage
63
``` epigastric region (abdominopelvic region) ```
Region above the stomach
64
right lumbar region | abdominopelvic region
Right middle region near the waist
65
left lumbar region | abdominopelvic region
Left middle region near the waist
66
``` umbilical region (abdominopelvic region) ```
Region of the navel or umbilicus
67
right inguinal region | abdominopelvic region
Right lower region near the groin. Also called right iliac region
68
left inguinal region | abdominopelvic region
Left lower region near the groin. Also called left iliac region
69
``` hypogastric region (abdominopelvic region) ```
Middle lower region below the umbilical region
70
right upper quadrant | abdominopelvic quadrant
Contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine
71
left upper quadrant | abdominopelvic quadrant
Contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine
72
right lower quadrant | abdominopelvic quadrant
Contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
73
left lower quadrant | abdominopelvic quadrant
Contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
74
cervical division of the back
Neck region 7 cervical vertebrae: C1 to C7
75
thoracic division of the back
Chest region 12 thoracic vertebrae, each joined to a rib: T1 to T12
76
lumbar division of the back
Loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs and hipbone) 5 lumbar vertebrae: L1 to L5
77
sacral division of the back
5 bones (S1 to S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum
78
coccygeal division of the back
4 small bones fused together to form the coccyx (tailbone)
79
vertebra
Single backbone
80
vertebrae
Backbones
81
spinal column
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
82
spinal cord
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
83
disk or disc
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
84
anterior
Front side of the body
85
ventral
Front side of the body
86
posterior
Back side of the body
87
dorsal
Back side of the body
88
deep
Away from the surface
89
superficial
On the surface
90
proximal
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
91
distal
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
92
inferior
Below another structure
93
superior
Above another structure
94
medial
Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body
95
lateral
Pertaining to the side
96
supine
Lying on the back
97
prone
Lying on the belly
98
caudal
Pertaining to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body
99
frontal plane
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
100
coronal plane
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
101
sagittal plane
Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
102
lateral plane
Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
103
transverse plane
Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground
104
axial plane
Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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