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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Pronunciation of Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

angiogram

A

X-ray record of a blood vessel

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2
Q

angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of a blood vessel

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3
Q

anoxia

A

Lack of oxygen in body tissues

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4
Q

aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

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5
Q

aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta

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6
Q

arrhthymia

A

Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart

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7
Q

arterial anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two arteries

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8
Q

arteriography

A

X-ray recording of arteries

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9
Q

arteriole

A

Small artery

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10
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque

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11
Q

artery

A

Largest type of blood vessel

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12
Q

atherectomy

A

Removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery

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13
Q

atheroma

A

Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery

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14
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery

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15
Q

atrial

A

Pertaining to an atrium

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16
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them; bundle of His

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17
Q

atrioventricular node

A

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) through the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles

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18
Q

atrium
(singular)

atria
(plural)

A

Upper chamber of the heart

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19
Q

brachial artery

A

Artery that carries blood to the arm

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

Slow heartbeat

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21
Q

bundle of His

A

Atrioventricular bundle

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22
Q

capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel

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23
Q

carbon dioxide

A

Gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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24
Q

cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

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25
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of heart muscle

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26
Q

coronary arteries

A

Branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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27
Q

cyanosis

A

Abnormal condition of blueness of the skin caused by decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the blood

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28
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

Blood that is oxygen-poor

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29
Q

diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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30
Q

electrocardiogram

A

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart

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31
Q

endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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32
Q

endothelium

A

Innermost lining of blood vessels

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33
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

High levels of cholesterol in the blood

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34
Q

hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in body tissues

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35
Q

interventricular septum

A

Wall between the ventricles of the heart

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36
Q

mitral valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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37
Q

mitral valvulitis

A

Inflammation of the mitral valve

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38
Q

myocardium

A

Muscular layer of the heart

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39
Q

myxoma

A

Rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle

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40
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node

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41
Q

oxygen

A

Gas that enters the body through the lungs and travels to the heart to be distributed by arterial blood to all parts of the body

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42
Q

pacemaker

A

Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium. It begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node

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43
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart

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44
Q

pericardium

A

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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45
Q

phlebotomy

A

Incision into a vein

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46
Q

pulmonary artery

A

Blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

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47
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart

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48
Q

pulmonary valve

A

A valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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49
Q

pulmonary vein

A

One or two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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50
Q

pulse

A

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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51
Q

septum
(singular)

septa
(plural)

A

Wall or partition. The interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart

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52
Q

sinoatrial node

A

Sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart

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53
Q

sphygomoanometer

A

Instrument to measure blood pressure

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54
Q

stethoscope

A

Instrument for listening to sounds in the chest

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55
Q

systemic circulation

A

Flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues

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56
Q

systole

A

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

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57
Q

tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat

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58
Q

thombolysis

A

Destruction of a clot

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59
Q

thombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein

60
Q

tricuspid valve

A

A valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle

61
Q

valve

A

Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction

62
Q

valvotomy

A

Incision of a valve

63
Q

valvuloplasty

A

Surgical repair of a valve

64
Q

vascular

A

Pertaining to a blood vessel

65
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of a blood vessel

66
Q

vasodilation

A

Widening of a blood vessel

67
Q

vein

A

Thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from body tissues back to the heart

68
Q

vena cava
(singular)

venae cavae
(plural)

A

Largest vein in the body. The venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues

69
Q

venipuncture

A

Incision of a vein to remove blood

70
Q

venous

A

Pertaining to a vein

71
Q

ventricle

A

One of two lower chambers of the heart

72
Q

venule

A

Small vein

73
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attacks, strokes, and congestive heart failure.

ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme which normally constricts blood vessels

74
Q

acute coronary syndromes

A

Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; unstable angina and myocardial infarction

75
Q

aneurysm

A

Local widening of ballooning out of a small area of an artery

76
Q

angina

A

Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia

77
Q

angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

78
Q

atrioventricular block

A

Failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart

79
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm

80
Q

auscultation

A

Use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs

81
Q

beta-blocker

A

Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate

82
Q

bruit

A

An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or organ

83
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension)

84
Q

cardiac arrest

A

Sudden unexpected stoppage of the heart; sudden cardiac death

85
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured, and x-rays taken to image patterns of blood flow

86
Q

cardiac MRI

A

Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves

87
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

88
Q

cardioversion

A

Treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart so that a normal rhythm can begin; defibrillation

89
Q

claudication

A

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest

90
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed

91
Q

computerized tomography angiography

A

X-ray images are combined with computerized tomography to produce a 3D picture of the heart and blood vessels

92
Q

congenital heart disease

A

Structural heart defects that appear at birth

93
Q

congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

94
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with plaque deposits

95
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring need blood supply to the myocardium

96
Q

deep-vein thrombosis

A

Blood clots form in a large vein, usually in the leg

97
Q

digoxin

A

Drug that increases strength and regularity of the heartbeat

98
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

Video equipment, computer and x-ray machine produce images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast material

99
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow

100
Q

echocardiography

A

High-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces, and movement of the heart

101
Q

electrocardiography

A

Process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart

102
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease

103
Q

embolus
(singular)

emboli
(plural)

A

A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

104
Q

endarterectomy

A

Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart)

105
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery

106
Q

fibrillation

A

Random, rapid, inefficient, irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles

107
Q

flutter

A

Rapid but regular contractions of the heart, usually the atria

108
Q

heart transplantation

A

Donor heart is transferred to a recipient

109
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region

110
Q

Holter monitoring

A

Compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

111
Q

hypertension

A

High blood pressure

112
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillator

A

Small electronic device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm

113
Q

infarction

A

Area of dead tissue

114
Q

ischemia

A

Holding back blood to a region of the body.

Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle

115
Q

left ventricular assist device

A

Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. It’s a “bridge to transplant” or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible

116
Q

lipid tests

A

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a sample of blood

117
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated in a blood sample

118
Q

mitral stenosis

A

Narrowing of the mitral valve

119
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

Abnormal closure of the mitravel valve so that blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction

120
Q

murmur

A

Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart

121
Q

myocardial infarction

A

Area of dead tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack

122
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). it dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to the heart muscle

123
Q

occlusion

A

Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube

124
Q

palpitations

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats

125
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at bith

126
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

A catheter with a balloon and sten is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collections of plaque.

Drug-eluting stents release chemicals to keep debris and plaque from recollecting

127
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

Scraping or grating sound heard on auscultation of the heart.

Usually symptomatic of pericarditis

128
Q

pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

129
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

Blockage of blood vessels outside the heart

130
Q

petechiae

A

Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin

131
Q

positron emission tomography

A

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances

132
Q

radiofrequency catheter ablation

A

Radiofrequency energy is delivered from the tip of a catheter inserted through a blood vessel into the heart to treat certain types of cardiac arrhythmias.

The treatment destroys or ablates the tissue causing the arrhythmia

133
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms

134
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

135
Q

septal defects

A

Small holes, present at birth, in the walls between the heart chambers

136
Q

serum enzyme tests

A

Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

137
Q

statins

A

Drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream

138
Q

stress test

A

Exercise tolerance test is used to determine the heart’s response to physical exertion

139
Q

telemetry

A

Continuous monitoring of a patient’s heart rhythm in a hospital

140
Q

tetralogy of Fallor

A

Four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth

141
Q

technetium 99m sestamibi scan

A

Uptake of a radioactive chemical (technetium 99m sestamibi) in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack (myocardian infarction)

142
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

Concentration of radioactive substance (thallium 201) is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infarction (“cold spots”)

143
Q

thrill

A

Fine vibration felt on palpation (touching) the body over a blood vessel that is blocked

144
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Injection of drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots in the bloodstream

145
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

Blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation

146
Q

varicose veins

A

Swollen, twisted veins, often occurring in the legs

147
Q

vegetations

A

Collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium and valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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