Chapter 2: Whole Body Terms: Exercises Flashcards
Material of the cell located outside the nucleus and yet enclosed by the cell membrane
cytoplasm
Regions of DNA within each chromosome
genes
Small sausage-shaped structures that are the principal source of energy for the cell
mitochondria
Network of canals within the cytoplasm; the site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
Structure that surrounds and protects the cell
cell membrane
Control centre of the cell, containing chromosomes
nucleus
Chemical found within each chromosome
DNA
Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions called genes
chromosomes
A picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell is a/an ________
karyotype
The number of chromosomes in a normal male’s muscle cell is ______
46
23 pairs
The number of chromosomes in a female’s egg cell is _______
23
The process of building up proteins in a cell is ________
anabolism
Complex nutrients are broken down to similar substances and energy is released ________
catabolism
The total of the chemical processes in a cell is ______
metabolism
A scientist who studies tissues is a/an ______
histologist
The medical term for internal organs is _______
viscera
Voice box
larynx
Membrane surrounding the lungs
pleura
Throat
pharynx
Tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
Collection of fat cells
adipose tissue
Endocine organ located at the base of the brain
pituitary gland
Windpipe
trachea
Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
cartilage
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line internal organs
epithelial cells
Endocrine gland surrounding the windpipe in the neck
thyroid gland
Womb
uterus
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
Cavity surrounded by the skull
cranial
Cavity in the chest surrounded by the ribs
thoracic
Cavity below the chest containing the stomach, liver and gallbladder
abdominal
Cavity surrounded by the hip bones
pelvic
Cavity surrounded by the bones of the back
spinal
hypogastric region
Area below the umbilicus
mediastinum
Space between the lungs
spinal cord
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
diaphragm
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites
intervertebral disk
Pad of cartilage between two adjoining vertebrae
pleural cavity
Space surrounding each lung
spinal column
Bony tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
inguinal regions
Areas near the groin
peritoneum
Membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
umbilical region
Area of the navel
epigastric region
Area above the stomach
Region of the neck
cervical
Region of the chest
thoracic
Region of the waist
lumbar
Region of the sacrum
sacral
Region of the tailbone
coccygeal
What is the opposite of deep?
superficial
What is the opposite of proximal?
distal
What is the opposite of supine?
prone
What is the opposite of medial?
lateral
What is the opposite of dorsal?
ventral; anterior
What is the opposite of superior?
inferior; caudal
The kidney lies to the side of or ______ of the spinal cord.
lateral
The _____ end of the thigh bone (femur) joines with the kneecap (patella).
distal
The _____ plane divides the body into an anterior and a posterior portion.
frontal; coronal
Each backbone is a/an _______.
vertebra
Several backbones are ________.
vertebrae
The diaphragm lies _______ to the organs in the thoracic cavity.
inferior; caudal
The ______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
midsagittal
The ______ end of the upper arm bone (humerus) is at the shoulder.
proximal
The _______ plane divides the body into upper and lower portions.
transverse
The pharynx is located ______ to the esophagus.
superior; cephalic
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
craniotomy
crani/o/tomy
Incision of the skull
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
cervical
cervic/al
Pertaining to the neck
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
chondroma
chondr/oma
Tumor (benign) of cartilage
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
chondrosarcoma
chondr/o/sarc/oma
Flesh tumor (malignant) of cartilage
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
nucleic
nucle/ic
Pertaining to the nucleus
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
epinephrine
epi/nephr/ine
Substance (hormone) secreted by the adrenal glands
Divide the term into it’s component parts and give the meaning of the full term.
intravenous
intra/ven/ous
Pertaining to within a vein
Space below the chest containing the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
abdomen or abdominal cavity
Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
cartilage
Rod-shaped structures in the cell nucleus containing regions of DNA
chromosomes
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
diaphragm
Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides
sagittal
Pertaining to the neck
cervical
Tumor (benign) of cartilage
chondroma
Control centre of the cell; directs the activities of the cell
nucleus
Pertaining to the windpipe
tracheal
Pertaining to internal organs
visceral
Tumor of flesh tissue (malignant)
sarcoma
Pertaining to the chest
thoracic
Picture of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus
karyotype
Sausage-shaped cellular structures in which catabolism takes place
mitochondria
Space between the lungs
mediastinum
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
pituitary gland
Pertaining to skin (surface) cells
epithelial
Pertaining to far from the beginning of a structure
distal
On the surface of the body
superficial
