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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Pathology and Laboratory Tests Flashcards

1
Q

arrhythmias

A

Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias).

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2
Q

bradycardia and heart block

atrioventricular block

A

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His).

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3
Q

flutter

A

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria.

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4
Q

fibrillation

A

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart

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5
Q

congential heart disease

A

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

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6
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

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7
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.

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8
Q

septal defects

A

Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects).

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9
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

Congenital malformation involving four (4) distinct heart defects.

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10
Q

congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

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11
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.

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12
Q

endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

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13
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

High blood pressure affecting the heart.

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14
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

Improper closure of the mitral valve.

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15
Q

murmur

A

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats.

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16
Q

pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart.

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17
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever.

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18
Q

aneurysm

A

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.

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19
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb.

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20
Q

hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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21
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs.

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22
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.

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23
Q

varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.

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24
Q

acute coronary syndroms

A

Unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries.

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25
Q

angina (pectoris)

A

Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion. Unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion.

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26
Q

angiotensin-converting enzume inhibitor

A

Antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate. It prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death.

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27
Q

auscultation

A

Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope.

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28
Q

beta blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. It blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart.

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29
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

Device enabling ventricles to beat together (in synchrony) so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.

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30
Q

bruit

A

Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ.

31
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina and hypertension. It dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels.

32
Q

cardiac arrest

A

Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death.

33
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space.

34
Q

claudication

A

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest.

35
Q

digoxin

A

Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat.

36
Q

embolus
(singular)

emboli
(plural)

A

Clot or other substance that ravels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel.

37
Q

infarction

A

Area of dead tissue

38
Q

nitrates

A

Drugs used in the treatment of angina. They dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue.

39
Q

nitroglycerin

A

Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina.

40
Q

occlusion

A

Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage.

41
Q

palpitations

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias.

42
Q

patent

A

Open

43
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart.

44
Q

petechiae

A

Small pinpoint hemorrhages.

45
Q

statins

A

Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream.

46
Q

thrill

A

Vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow (as a blocked artery).

47
Q

vegetations

A

Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microrganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves.

48
Q

BNP test

A

Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood.

49
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack.

50
Q

lipid tests (lipid profile)

A

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample.

51
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample.

52
Q

angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.

53
Q

computed tomography angiography

A

3D x-ray images of heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography.

54
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels.

55
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD.

56
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels.

57
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart.

58
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose.

59
Q

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan

A

Technetium TC 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning.

60
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle.

61
Q

cardiac MRI

A

Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field.

62
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery.

63
Q

electrocardiography

A

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart.

64
Q

Holter monitoring

A

An ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias.

65
Q

stress test

A

Exercise tolerance test determines the heart’s response to physical exertion.

66
Q

catheter ablation

A

Brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias.

67
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.

68
Q

defibrillation

A

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation).

69
Q

endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery.

70
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

Heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired.

71
Q

heart transplantation

A

Donor heart is transferred to a recipient.

72
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place.

73
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis.

74
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

Placement of a balloon-expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter.

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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