Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards
acetabulum
Rounded depression or socket in the pelvis, which joins the femur forming the hip joint
acromion
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bones in the joint space
calcaneal
Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)
calcaneus
Heel bone
calcium
One of the mineral constituents of bone
cancellous bone
Spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
carpals
Bones of the wrist
cartilage
Flexible, connective tissue that is firmer than muscle, yet softer than bone
cervical vertebrae
Seven (7) backbones in the neck
chondrocostal
Pertaining to cartilage than is attached to the ribs
clavicle
Collar bone
coccyx
Tailbone
collagen
Dense connective tissue strands of protein found in bone
Colles fracture
Broken bone occurring in the wrist at the lower end of the radius
comminuted fracture
Broken bone that is splintered or crushed
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue
condyle
Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint
cranial bones
Bones of the skull
- ethmoid
- frontal
- occipital
- parietal
- sphenoid
- temporal
craniotome
Instrument to cut the skull (cranium)
craniotomy
Incision of the skull
crepitus
Crackling sound produced when ends of the bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage
decalcification
Loss or removal of calcium from bones or teeth
diaphysis
Shaft or mid-portion of a long bone
epiphyseal plate
Layer of cartilage at the ends of long bones where lengthwise bone growth takes place
epiphysis
Each end of a long bone
ethmoid bone
Thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eye
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant bone tumor occurring in children
exostosis
Bony growth arising from the surface of a bone
facial bones
Bones of the face
- mandibular
- maxillary
- nasal
- vomer
- zygomatic bones
femoral
Pertaining to the femur
femur
Thigh bone
fibular
Smaller of the two lower leg bones
fibular
Pertaining to the fibula
fissure
Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones
fontanelle
Soft spot between skull bones of an infant
foramen
Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
fossa
Shallow cavity in a bone
frontal bone
Skull bone that forms the forehead and bony sockets that contain the eyes
haversian canals
Minute spaces for blood vessels in compact bone
humeral
Pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone)
humerus
Upper arm bone
hypercalcemia
High levels of calcium in the blood
iliac
Pertaining to the ilium (upper and largest portion of the pelvic bone)
ilium
Upper and largest portion of the pelvic (hip) bone
impacted fracture
Broken bone in which one fragment is driven firmly into the other fragment
ischial
Pertaining to the ischium (posterior portion of the pelvic bone)
ischium
Posterior (back) portion of the pelvic (hip) bone
kyphosis
Abnormal condition of outward curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine
lacrimal bones
Two (2) small facial bones that contain tear glands and canals for the passage of tear ducts
lamina
One (1) of two (2) posterior (back) arches of a vertabra
laminectomy
Surgical removal of the posterior portion of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve or spinal cord from a displaced intervertebral disk
lordosis
Forward curvature of the lumbar spinal column. In it’s extreme form, it is known as “swayback”
lumbar vertebrae
Backbones (5) in the region of the waist (middle section below the chest)
lumbosacral
Pertaining to the lower bones of the back (lumbar and sacral regions)
malleolar
Pertaining to a malleolus
malleolus
Either of two (2) bony enlargements (processes) on each side of an ankle
mandible
Lower jaw bone
mandibular
Pertaining to the lower jaw bone
manubrium
Upper portion of the sternum
mastoid process
Round projection (process) on the temporal bone behind the head
medullary cavity
Inner section of a bone containing soft bone marrow tissue
metacarpals
Hand bones
metacarpectomy
Surgical excision of hand bones
metaphysis
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone and the epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone
metatarsalgia
Foot pain
metatarsals
Foot bones
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
nasal bones
One (1) of two (2) facial bones that form the nose
occipital bone
Forms the posterior portion of the skull
olecranal
Pertaining to the elbow (olecranon)
olecranon
Large process on the end (proximal) of the ulna; elbow
orthopedics
Surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting, and treating deformities and diseases in bones
osseous tissue
Bone tissue
ossificiation
Process of forming bone
osteitis
Inflammation of bone
osteoblast
Bone cell responsible for forming bony tissue
osteoclast
Large bone cell that functions to absorb and remove unwanted bony tissue during growth and healing fractures
osteodystrophy
Abnormal development of bone
osteogenesis imperfecta
Congenital bone disease in which bones are unusally brittle and fragile
osteogenic sarcoma
Malignant (cancerous) tumor of bone tissue
osteomalacia
Softening of bones with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in bone; rickets
osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
osteopenia
Deficiency of bone tissue caused by destruction of bone tissue that exceeds the rate of bone matrix growth
osteoporosis
Abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. Bones become thin, weak, brittle, and break easily
osteotome
Instrument to cut bone
parietal bones
Two (2) bones on either side of the skull
patella
Kneecap