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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

acetabulum

A

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint

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2
Q

acromion

A

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle

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3
Q

bone

A

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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4
Q

bone depression

A

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

bone process

A

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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6
Q

calcium

A

One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

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7
Q

cancellous bone

A

Spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

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8
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible, connective tissue; Found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces (articular cartilage)

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9
Q

collagen

A

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

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10
Q

compact bone

A

Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones

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11
Q

cranial bones

A

Skull bones:

  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • parietal
  • sphenoid
  • temporal
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12
Q

diaphysis

A

Shaft, or mid-portion, or a long bone

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13
Q

disk (disc)

A

Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae

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14
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

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15
Q

facial bones

A

Bones of the face:

  • lacrimal
  • mandibular
  • maxillary
  • nasal
  • vomer
  • zygomatic
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16
Q

fontanelle

A

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

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17
Q

foramen magnum

A

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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18
Q

haversion canals

A

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

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19
Q

ligament

A

Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones. Ligaments are bands, or strands, located in and around joints

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20
Q

malleolus

A

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and medial malleolus is part of the tibia

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21
Q

manubrium

A

Upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

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22
Q

mastoid process

A

Rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

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23
Q

medullary cavity

A

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

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24
Q

metaphysis

A

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

olecranon

A

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

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26
Q

orthopedist

A

Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

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27
Q

osseous tissue

A

Bone tissue

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28
Q

ossification

A

Process of bone formation

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29
Q

osteoblast

A

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue

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30
Q

osteoclast

A

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

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31
Q

periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

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32
Q

phosphorus

A

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

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33
Q

physiatrist

A

Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

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34
Q

pubic symphysis

A

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk

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35
Q

red bone marrow

A

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

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36
Q

ribs

A

Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall.

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37
Q

sella turcica

A

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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38
Q

sinus

A

Hollow air cavity within a bone

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39
Q

styloid process

A

Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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40
Q

suture

A

Immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

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41
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

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42
Q

tendon

A

Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

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43
Q

trabeculae

A

Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

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44
Q

vertebra

A

Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina. Encloses the neural canal and spinal cord

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45
Q

xiphoid process

A

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum

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46
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

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47
Q

rheumatologists

A

Physicians who specialize primarily in joint problems

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48
Q

chiropractor

A

Not a physician, but has extensive and specialized training in using physical means to manipulate the spinal column, joints, and soft tissues

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49
Q

physical therapist

A

Master’s or doctoral degree-prepared health care professional who develops and treatment plan based on a physician’s diagnosis. Their goals are to restore function, improve mobility, and relieve pain

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50
Q

athletic trainers

A

Health care professionals who work with a physician to provide therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation of injuries and medical conditions

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51
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

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52
Q

collagen

A

Dense connective tissue strands

53
Q

long bones

A

Found in the thigh, lower leg, upper arm, and lower arm. Very strong and broad at the ends where they joint with other bones. They have large surface areas for muscle attachment

54
Q

short bones

A

Found in the wrist and ankle. Small with irregular shape

55
Q

flat bones

A

Found covering soft body parts. Examples are skull, shoulder blades, ribs, and pelvic bones

56
Q

sesamoid bones

A

Small, rounded bones found near joints. They increase efficiency of muscles near a particular joint. Example is a kneecap

57
Q

articular cartilage

A

Very smooth, strong, and slick tissue that cushions the joint and allows it to move smoothly and efficiently.

58
Q

compact (cortical) bone

A

Layer or hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones and is located around the diaphysis of long bones. Within is a system of small canals called haversian canals

59
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Production of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow

60
Q

frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets

61
Q

parietal bone

A

The two (2) bones that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium. There is one bone on each side of the skull

62
Q

temporal bone

A

The two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium. Each bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining with the mandible

63
Q

occipital bone

A

Forms the back and base of the skull. Joins the parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture

64
Q

sphenoid bone

A

Bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull. Serves as an anchor to hold the frontal, occipital and ethmoid bones together

65
Q

ethmoid bone

A

Thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the sockets of the eyes

66
Q

nasal bones

A

Two (2) slender bones that support the bridge of the nose. Forms part of the nasal septum

67
Q

lacrimal bones

A

Two (2) small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye. Contains fossae for the lacrimal gland (tear gland) and canals for the passage of the lacrimal duct

68
Q

maxillary bones

A

Two (2) large bones that compose the upper jawbones

69
Q

mandibular bone

A

Lower jawbone

70
Q

zygomatic bones

A

Two (2) bones, one on each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek

71
Q

vomer

A

Thin, single flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum

72
Q

sinuses

A

Air cavities

73
Q

vertebral body

A

Inner, thick, round anterior portion of the vertebra

74
Q

intervertebral disk (disc)

A

Pad of cartilage between two vertebrae that improves flexibility and absorbs shocks to the vertebral column

75
Q

lamina

A

Bar-like portion of the vertebra connecting the spinous process and transverse process

76
Q

neural or spinal cavity

A

Space between the vertebral body and the vertebral arch through which the spinal cord passes

77
Q

sacral vertebrae (sacrum)

A

Five (5) separate bones that fuse in a young child.

78
Q

coccyx

A

Tailbone

79
Q

clavicle

A

Collar bone; a slender bone, positioned ventrally, one on each side, connecting the sternum to each shoulder blade

80
Q

scapula

A

Shoulder blade; one (1) of two (2) flat, triangular bones on each dorsal side of the thorax

81
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

Joint formed between the acromion and the scapula

82
Q

sternum

A

Breastbone; a flat bone extending vertically down the midline of the chest

83
Q

costal cartilages

A

Cartilaginous attachments joining the first 7 pairs of ribs to the sternum

84
Q

true ribs

A

Ribs 1-7; connects to the sternum anteriorly and with the vertebral column posteriorly

85
Q

false ribs

A

Ribs 8-10; connects to the vertebral column posteriorly but join with the 7th rib anteriorly instead of attaching to the sternum

86
Q

floating ribs

A

Ribs 11 and 12; joins to the vertebral column posteriorly but do not connect to anything anteriorly

87
Q

humerus

A

Upper arm bone

88
Q

ulna

A

Medial lower arm (forearm) bone

89
Q

radius

A

Lateral lower arm (forearm) bone; in line with the thumb

90
Q

carpals

A

Wrist bones

91
Q

metacarpals

A

Five (5) bones of the palm of the hand

92
Q

phalanges

A

Finger bones

93
Q

pelvic girdle

A

Pelvis. Contains 3 bones:

  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
94
Q

ilium

A

Uppermost and largest portion of the pelvis

95
Q

iliac crest

A

Superior part of the ilium. Filled with red bone marrow and serves as an attachment for abdominal wall muscles as well as the muscles of the hip and buttocks

96
Q

ischium

A

Interior or lower part of the pelvis. You sit on the ischium and muscles attached to it

97
Q

pubis

A

Anterior portion of the pelvis

98
Q

pelvic cavity

A

Region within the ring of bone formed by the pelvic girdle. Contains:

  • rectum
  • sigmoid colon
  • bladder
  • female reproductive organs
99
Q

femur

A

Thigh bone; longest bone in the body

100
Q

patella

A

Kneecap; small, flat bone that lies in front of the articulation between the femur and the tibia

101
Q

tibia

A

Larger of the two (2) bones in the lower leg; typically called the shin bone

102
Q

fibula

A

Smaller of the two (2) bones in the lower leg

103
Q

tarsals

A

Bones of the middle and hing parts of the foot

104
Q

calcaneus

A

Largest of the tarsals called the heel bone

105
Q

talus

A

One (1) of the three (3) bones that form the ankle joint

106
Q

metatarsals

A

Bones of the midfoor

107
Q

phalanges of the foot

A

Bones of the forefoot (toes)

108
Q

articulation

A

Any type of joint

109
Q

bursa
(singular)

bursae
(plural)

A

Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

110
Q

meniscus

A

Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

111
Q

synovial cavity

A

Space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

112
Q

synovial fluid

A

Viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity

113
Q

synovial joint

A

A freely movable joint

114
Q

synovial membrane

A

Tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid

115
Q

tendon

A

Fibrous, connective tissue muscles to bones

116
Q

abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

117
Q

adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

118
Q

dorsiflexion

A

Straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint

119
Q

fascia

A

Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

120
Q

flexion

A

Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones

121
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton

122
Q

origin of a muscle

A

Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton

123
Q

plantar flexion

A

Downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion

124
Q

pronation

A

Turning the palm downward

125
Q

rotation

A

Circular movement around a central point. Internal rotation is toward the centre of the body. External rotation is away from the centre of the body

126
Q

striated muscle

A

Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle

127
Q

supination

A

Turning the palm upward

128
Q

visceral muscle

A

Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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