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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 17: Sense Organs Eye and Ear: Pathology and Clinical Procedures > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Sense Organs Eye and Ear: Pathology and Clinical Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

astigmatism

A

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

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2
Q

hyperopia

hypermetropia

A

Farsightedness

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3
Q

myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

Impairment of vision as a result of old age

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5
Q

cataract

A

Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

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6
Q

chalazion

A

Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

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7
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)

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8
Q

exudates

A

Fluid leaking from the blood

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9
Q

glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

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10
Q

tonometry

A

Instrument applied externally to the eye after a local anesthetic used to diagnose glaucoma

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11
Q

trabeculoplasty

A

Laser therapy to improve glaucoma

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12
Q

blepharitis

A

Inflammation of an eyelid

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13
Q

dacryocystitis

A

Blockage, inflammation and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

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14
Q

ectropion

A

Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

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15
Q

entropion

A

Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye

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16
Q

hordeolum

sty or stye

A

Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid

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17
Q

ptosis

A

Dropping of upper lid margin from neuromuscular problems or trauma

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18
Q

xanthelasma

A

Raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

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19
Q

macular degeneration

A

Progressive damage to the macula of the retina

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20
Q

nystagmus

A

Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

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21
Q

retinal detachment

A

Two layers of the retina separate from each other

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22
Q

photopsia

A

Bright flashes of light

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23
Q

floaters

A

Black spots or filmy shapes

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24
Q

strabismus

A

Abnormal deviation of the eye

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25
Q

esotropia

A

One eye turns inward; cross-eyed

26
Q

exotropia

A

One eye turns outward; wall-eye

27
Q

hypertropia

A

Upward deviation of one eye

28
Q

hypotropia

A

Downward deviation of one eye

29
Q

amblyopia

A

Partial loss of vision from “lazy eye”

30
Q

diplopia

A

Double vision

31
Q

pneumatic retinopexy

A

A gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity to put pressure on the area of the retinal tear until the retina is reattached

32
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

33
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the eye

34
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

35
Q

visual acuity test

A

Clarity of vision is assessed

36
Q

visual field test

A

Measurement of the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central)

37
Q

enucleation

A

Removal of the entire eyeball

38
Q

keratoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplant

39
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

40
Q

LASIK

A

Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

41
Q

phacoemulsification

A

Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe; typical surgery for cataract removal

42
Q

scleral buckle

A

Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

43
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain

44
Q

cholesteatoma

A

Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

45
Q

deafness

A

Loss of the ability to hear

46
Q

nerve deafness

sensorineural hearing loss

A

Impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve

47
Q

conductive deafness

A

Impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea

48
Q

Meniere disease

A

Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevator endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)

49
Q

otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

50
Q

acute otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear; often following an upper respiratory infection

51
Q

suppurative otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear with pus; bacterial

52
Q

serous otitis media

A

Noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid

53
Q

otosclerosis

A

Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

54
Q

tinnitus

A

Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears

55
Q

vertigo

A

Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

56
Q

audiometry

A

Testing the sense of hearing

57
Q

cochlear implant procedure

A

Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech

58
Q

ear thermometry

A

Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

59
Q

otoscopy

A

Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

60
Q

tuning fork test

A

Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork; Rinne test

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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