Chapter 5: Digestive System: Pathology and Pathologic Conditions Flashcards
anorexia
Lack of appetite
ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
borborygmus
(singular)
borborygmi
(plural)
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
contstipation
Difficulty in passing stool (feces)
diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
hemotochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
hemolysis
Excessive destruction of erythrocytes
melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
steatorrhea
Fat in the feces
aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
dental caries
Tooth decay
herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
esophageal varices
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
reflux esophagitis
Chronic exposure of esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and pepsin
hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
hiatal hernia
Upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm
inguinal hernia
A small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue
anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
colonic polyps
Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
diverticulosis
Abdominal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon
dysentry
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine
intussesception
Telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) but without defined abnormalities in the intestines
ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
volvulus
Twisting of the intestine on itself
cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
calculi
Gallstones
biliary colic
Pain from blocked ducts
cholecystitis
Inflammation and infection of the gallbladder
cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
