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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 18: Endocrine System: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Endocrine System: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal cortex

A 
Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland. 
Secretes:
- corisol
- aldosterone
- sex hormones
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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland.
Secretes:
- epinephrine
- norepinephrine

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3
Q

ovaries

A

Located in the lower abdomen of a female. Responsible for egg production and secretion of estrogen and progesterone

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4
Q

pancreas

A

Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. Also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct, into the small intestine to aid digestion

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

pituitary gland

hypophysis

A

Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica

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7
Q

testes

A

Two (2) glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyrnine, and calcitonin

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9
Q

adrenaline

epinephrine

A

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Stimulates the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

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15
Q

cortisol

A

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

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16
Q

epinephrine

adrenaline

A

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways

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17
Q

estradiol

A

Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

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18
Q

estrogen

A

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

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19
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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20
Q

glucagon

A

Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

21
Q

growth hormone

somatotropin

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bone and soft tissues

22
Q

insulin

A

Secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promites the conversion of glucose to glycogen

23
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

24
Q

norepinephrine

A

Secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

25
Q

oxytocin

A

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

26
Q

parathormone

A

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

27
Q

progesterone

A

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

28
Q

prolactin

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

29
Q

somatotropin

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

30
Q

testosterone

A

Male hormone secreted by the testes

31
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

thyrotropin

A

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

32
Q

thyroxine (T4)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. Increases metabolism in cells

33
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Secreted by the thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells

34
Q

vasopressin

A

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

35
Q

catecholamines

A

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

36
Q

corticosteroids

A

Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex

37
Q

electrolyte

A

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues. Necessary for proper functioning of cells

38
Q

glucocorticoid

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

39
Q

homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

40
Q

hormone

A

Chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

42
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body

43
Q

receptor

A

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

44
Q

sella turcica

A

Cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland

45
Q

sex hormones

A

Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics

46
Q

steroid

A

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol) and of which many hormones are made

47
Q

sympathomimetic

A

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

48
Q

target tissue

A

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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