Chapter 1: Basic Word Structure: Exercises Flashcards
Word beginnings are called _____
prefixes
Word endings are called _______
suffixes
The foundation of a word is known as the _____
root
A letter linking a suffix and a root, or linking two (2) roots, in a term is the ______
combining vowel
The combination of a root and a combining vowel is known as the _____
combining form
cardi/o
heart
aden/o
gland
bi/o
life
cerebr/o
cerebrum, largest part of the brain
cephal/o
head
arthr/o
joint
carcin/o
cancer, cancerous
cyst/o
urinary bladder
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
encephal/o
brain
electr/o
electricity
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling
-al
pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-logy
process of study
-scopy
process of visual examination
-ic
pertaining to
-gram
record (image)
-opsy
process of viewing
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
cerebral
cerebr/al
Pertaining to the cerebrum, the largest part of the brain
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
biopsy
bi/opsy
Process of viewing life (removal of living tissue and viewing it under a microscope)
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
adenitis
aden/itis
Inflammation of a gland
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
cephalic
cephal/ic
Pertaining to the head
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
carcinoma
carcin/oma
Cancerous tumor
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
cystoscopy
cyst/o/scopy
Process of visually examining the urinary bladder
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
electrocardiogram
electr/o/cardi/o/gram
Record of the electricity in the heart
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
cardiology
cardi/o/logy
Process of study of the heart
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
electroencephalogram
electr/o/encephal/o/gram
Record of the electricity in the brain
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
dermatitis
dermat/itis
Inflammation of the skin
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
arthroscopy
arthr/o/scopy
Process of visual examination of a joint
Divide the term into parts and give the meaning of the entire term.
cytology
cyt/o/logy
Process of study of cells
erythr/o
red
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
gastr/o
stomach
gnos/o
knowledge
hemat/o
blood
cis/o
to cut
nephr/o
kidney
leuk/o
white
iatr/o
treatment, physician
hepat/o
liver
neur/o
nerve
gynec/o
woman, female
White blood cell
leukocyte
Inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
Pertaining to being produced by treatment
iatrogenic
Study of kidneys
nephrology
Red blood cell
erythrocyte
Mass of blood
hematoma
Process of viewing living tissue (using a microscope)
biopsy
Pain of nerves
neuralgia
Process of visual examination of the eye
ophthalmoscopy
Inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
kidney
ren/o
disease
path/o
eye
ophthalm/o
to cut
sect/o
nose
rhin/o
flesh
sarc/o
mind
psych/o
urinary tract
ur/o
bone
oste/o
x-rays
radi/o
clotting
thromb/o
tumor
onc/o
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
ophthalmoscopy
-scopy
Process of visual examination of the eye
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
ophthalmoscope
-scope
Instrument to visually examine the eye
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
oncology
-logy
Study of tumors
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
osteitis
-itis
Inflammation of bone
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
psychosis
-osis
Abnormal condition of the mind
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
thrombocyte
-cyte
Clotting cell (platelet)
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
renal
-al
Pertaining to the kidney
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
nephrectomy
-ectomy
Removal (excision or resection) of the kidney
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
osteotomy
-tomy
Incision of (process of cutting into) the bone
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
resection
-ion
Process of cutting back (in the sense of “cutting out” or removal)
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
carcinogenic
-genic
Pertaining to producing cancer
Identify the suffix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
sarcoma
-oma
Cancerous tumor of flesh tissue
-algia
Pain
-ion
Process
-emia
Blood condition
-gram
Record (image)
-scope
Instrument to visually examine
-osis
Condition, usually abnormal
-ectomy
Excision, removal (resection)
-genic
Pertaining to producing,
produced by, or
produced in
-pathy
Disease condition
-tomy
Process of cutting, incision
-itis
Inflammation
-cyte
Cell
-globin
Protein
When Paul smoked cigarettes, he inhaled a _______ substance with each puff.
carcinogenic
Sally’s sore throat, fever, and chills made her doctor order a white blood cell count. The results, indicating infection, showed a slight increase in normal called, a condition called _______.
leukocytosis
Mr. Smith’s liver enlarged, giving him abdominal pain. His radiologic tests and biopsy revealed a malignant tumor, or ________.
hepatoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
Mrs. Rose complained of pain in her hip joints, knees, and shoulders each morning. She was told that she had painful joints, or ________.
arthralgia
Dr. Black was trained to treat disorders of the pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland. Thus, he was an expert in the ________ glands.
endocrine
Ms. Walsh told her doctor she had pain when urinating. After tests, the doctor’s diagnosis was inflammation of the urinary bladder, or _______.
cystitis
Elizabeth’s overhead tennis shot hit David in the thigh, producing a large ________. His skin looked bruised and the affected area was tender.
hematoma
Mr. Bell’s white blood cell count is 10 times higher than normal. Examination of his blood shows cancerous white blood cells. His diagnosis is ______.
leukemia
Mr. Kay was resuscitated (revived from potential or apparent death) in the emergency department after experiencing a heart attack. Unfortunately, he suffered a broken rib as a result of the physician’s chest compressions. This is an example of a/an _______ fracture.
iatrogenic
After playing one season for a professional football team, Bill Smith decided to retire because he worried about the dangers of concussions and head trauma - a condition called chronic traumatic ________.
encephalopathy
dia-
Complete, through
pro-
Before
aut-
Self, own
auto-
Self, own
a-
No, not, without
an-
No, not, without
hyper-
Excessive, above, more than normal
hypo-
Deficient, below, less than normal
epi-
Above, upon
endo-
Within
retro-
Behind
trans-
Across, through
peri-
Surrounding
ex-
Out
exo-
Out
sub-
Below, under
re-
Back
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
diagnosis
dia-
Complete knowledge; a decision about the nature of the patient’s condition after the appropriate tests are done
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
prognosis
pro-
Before knowledge; a prediction about the outcome of treatment, given after the diagnosis
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
subhepatic
sub-
Pertaining to below the liver
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
pericardium
peri-
The membrane surrounding the heart
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
hyperglycemia
hyper-
Condition of excessive sugar in the blood
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
hypodermic
hypo-
Pertaining to under the skin
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
epigastric
epi-
Pertaining to above the stomach
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
resection
re-
Process of cutting back (in the sense of cutting out)
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
hypoglycemia
hypo-
Condition of deficient (low) sugar in the blood
Identify the prefix in the term, then give the meaning of the entire term.
anemia
an-
Condition of low numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or deficient hemoglobin in these cells
Study of the urinary tract
urology
Study of women and women’s diseases
gynecology
Study of blood
hematology
Study of tumors
oncology
Study of the kidneys
nephrology
Study of nerves
neurology
Treatment of children
pediatrics
Study of x-rays in diagnostic imaging
radiology
Study of the eyes
ophthalmology
Study of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterology
Study of glands that secrete hormones
endocrinology
Treatment of the mind
psychiatry
Study of disease
pathology
Study of the heart
cardiology
cerebrovascular accident
A stroke which damages the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to death of brain cells.
encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
cystoscope
Instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder
transhepatic
Pertaining to across or through the liver
iatrogenic
Pertaining to treatment or physician
hypogastric
Pertaining to below the stomach
endocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones within the body
nephrectomy
Removal of a kidney
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemicals outside the body
neuralgia
Nerve pain
Pamela Crick is 72 years old and suffers from a degenerative joint disease that is caused by the wearing away of tissue around her joints. This disease, which literally means “inflammation of bones and joints” is _______.
osteoarthritis
The ______ sample was removed during surgery and sent to a pathologist to be examined under a microscope for a proper diagnosis.
biopsy
A/An ________ performed surgery to remove Mr. Simon’s cancerous kidney.
urologist
A nephrologist is a specialist who treats kidney disorders but does not operate on patients.
Ms. Rose has suffered from diabetes with hyperglycemia for many years. This condition can lead to long-term complications, such as disease of nerves called diabetic _______.
neuropathy
A virus or bacterium produces disease and is therefore a/an ________ organism.
pathogenic
Jordan has a disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin in his erythrocytes. The erythrocytes change shape, collapsing to form sickle-shaped cells that can become clots and stop the flow of blood. His condition is called sickle cell ______.
anemia
Dr. Max Shelby is a physician who treats carcinomas and sarcomas. He is a/an ______.
oncologist
Bill had difficulty stopping the bleeding from a cut on his face while shaving. He knew his medication caused him to have decreased platelets, or a low ____ count, and that probably was the reason his blood was not clotting very well.
thrombocyte
Dr. Susan Parker told Paul that his condition would improve with treatment in a few weeks. She said his ________ is excellent and he can expect total recovery.
prognosis
After fleeing the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, Mrs. Jones had many problems with her job, her husband, and her family relationships. She went to see a ______ who prescribed drugs to treat her depression.
psychiatrist
