Chapter 13: Blood System: Review Flashcards by Jenn Dobrotinic

Q

White blood cell with reddish granules; numbers increase in allergic reactions:

a) lymphocyte
b) eosinophil
c) neutrophil
d) erythrocyte
e) basophil

A

b) eosinophil

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Q

Protein threads that form the basis of a clot:

a) fibrinogen
b) globulin
c) hemoglobin
d) thrombin
e) fibrin

A

e) fibrin

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Q

Method of separating out plasma proteins by electrical charge:

a) plasmapheresis
b) hematocrit
c) electrophoresis
d) coagulation time
e) leukapheresis

A

c) electrophoresis

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Q

Foreign material that invades the body:

a) neutrophils
b) macrophages
c) antibodies
d) antigens
e) granulocytes

A

d) antigens

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Q

Pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed:

a) serum
b) albumin
c) globulin
d) plasma
e) bilirubin

A

e) bilirubin

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Q

An undifferentiated blood cell is called a(an):

a) granulocyte
b) segmented cell
c) hematopoietic stem cell
d) thrombocyte
e) lymphocyte

A

c) hematopoietic stem cell

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Q

Anticoagulant found in the blood:

a) heparin
b) prothrombin
c) thrombin
d) gamma globulin
e) Vitamin B12

A

a) heparin

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Q

A disorder of red blood cell morphology is:

a) multiple myeloma
b) poikilocytosis
c) monocytosis
d) acute myelocytic leukemia
e) hemochromatosis

A

b) poikilocytosis

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Q

Deficiency in numbers of white blood cells:

a) neutropenia
b) hypochromia
c) leukocytosis
d) chronic lymphoid leukemia
e) spherocytosis

A

a) neutropenia

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Q

Immature red blood cell:

a) thombocyte
b) monoblast
c) segmented
d) erythroblast
e) megakaryoblast

A

d) erythroblast

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Q

Derived from bone marrow:

a) myeloid
b) lymphoid
c) granulocytopenic
d) polymorphonuclear
e) phagocytic

A

a) myeloid

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Q

Breakdown of recipient’s red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed:

a) erythrocytosis
b) hemolysis
c) embolism
d) anticoagulation
e) erythropoiesis

A

b) hemolysis

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Q

Sideropenia occurs causing deficient production of hemoglobin:

a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia

A

b) iron deficiency anemia

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Q

Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction:

a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia

A

d) hemolytic anemia

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Q

Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow:

a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia

A

c) aplastic anemia

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Q

Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin:

a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia

A

e) thalassemia

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Q

Lack of mature red cells due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body:

a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia

A

a) pernicious anemia

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Q

Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body:

a) polycythemia vera
b) Cooley anemia
c) purpura
d) hemochromatosis
e) thrombocytopenia

A

d) hemochromatosis

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Q

Symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a likely diagnosis of:

a) sickle cell anemia
b) hemostasis
c) acute lymphoid leukemia
d) chronic lymphoid leukemia
e) hemoglobinopathy

A

c) acute lymphoid leukemia

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Q

Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX:

a) autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
b) granulocytosis
c) polycythemia vera
d) erythremia
e) hemophilia

A

e) hemophilia

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Q

Venous blood is clotted in a test tube:

a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology

A

d) coagulation time

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Q

Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBCs is taken:

a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology

A

a) hematocrit

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Q

Blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of cells:

a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology

A

e) red blood cell morphology

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Q

Leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms:

a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology

A

b) white blood cell differential

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Venous blood is collected; anticoagulant added and the distance cells fall in a period of time is determined: a) hematocrit b) white blood cell differential c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate d) coagulation time e) red blood cell morphology

c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Blood protein that maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in blood: a) bilirubin b) prothrombin c) fibrinogen d) albumin e) globulin

d) albumin

Swelling; fluid leaks out into tissue spaces: a) petechiae b) edema c) ecchymoses d) dyscrasia e) autologous transfusion

b) edema

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE: a) megakaryocytes b) eosinophils c) neutrophils d) stem cells e) immunoglobulins

e) immunoglobulins

Symptoms of disease return: a) palliative b) relapse c) hemoglobinopathy d) remission e) spherocytosis

b) relapse

Relieving symptoms, but not curing disease: a) coagulopathy b) hemostasis c) hematocrit d) palliative e) myelopoiesis

d) palliative

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin

bilirubin

Blood protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

albumin

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

eosinophil

Blood clotting

coagulation

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

electrophoresis

Foreign substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

antigen

Red blood cell

erythrocyte

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures

differentiation

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin

basophil

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

erythropoietin

Immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes to combat specific antigens

antibody

Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot

fibrin

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; a phagocyte

macrophage

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

immune reaction

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

lymphocyte

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

heparin

Destruction or breakdown of blood

hemolysis

Liquid portion of the blood

plasma

Blood protein containing iron

hemoglobin

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

fibrinogen

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil

granulocyte

Plasma proteins; alpha, beta, and gamma

globulins

White blood cell containing granules and formed in bone marrow

neutrophil

Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

platelet (thrombocyte)

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms; found in bone marrow

hematopoietic stem cell

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

plasmapheresis

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

serum

Protein with antibody activity; IgC, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE are examples

immunoglobulin

Immature erythrocyte

reticulocyte

White blood cell with dark-staining blue granules; releases heparin and histamine

basophil

Pertaining to a deficiency in colour (of red blood cells)

hypochromic

White blood cell with dark-staining red granules; elevated in allergic reactions

eosinophil

Disorder marked by abnormality in hemoglobin

hemoglobinopathy

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

hemolysis

Study of cells

cytology

Percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

hematocrit

Disorder or disease of clotting

coagulopathy

Deficiency of red blood cells

erythrocytopenia

Substance that stops blood clotting

anticoagulant

Deficiency of white blood cells

leukocytopenia

Immature bone marrow cell

myeloblast

Study of the shape (of cells)

morphology

Deficiency of neutrophils

neutropenia

Abnormal formation of bone marrow

myelodisplasia

White blood cell with one large nucleus

monocyte

Cell that eats or swallows bacteria and debris

phagocyte

Deficiency of iron

sideropenia

Deficiency of platelets

thrombocytopenia

Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-lobed (shaped) nucleus

polymorphonuclear

Immature white blood cell

monoblast

Abnormal condition of small red blood cells

microcytosis

Immature red blood cell

erythroblast

Abnormal condition of red blood cells that are irregularly shaped

poikilocytosis

Plasma is separated from other parts of the blood

plasmapheresis

Abnormal condition of rounded red blood cells

spherocytosis

Abnormal condition of large red blood cells

macrocytosis

White blood cells are separated from other parts of the blood

leukapheresis

Clotting cells are separated from other parts of the blood

plateletpheresis

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells

hemoglobin

Antibody-containing protein in blood

immunoglobulin

Therapy used to dissolve (breakdown) clots

thrombolytic therapy

Resembling bone marrow cells

myeloid

Deficiency of granulocytes

granulocytopenia

Increase in numbers of neutrophils

neurtophilia

Abnormal condition of clotting

thrombosis

Formation of blood

hematopoiesis

Deficiency of all types of blood cells

pancytopenia

Formation of bone marrow cells

myelopoiesis

Stopping or controlling the flow of blood

hemostasis

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

purpura

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

polycythemia vera

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

hemochromatosis

Hereditary condition characterized by abnormal crescent shape of erythrocytes and by destruction of red blood cells

sickle cell anemia

Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in person of Mediterranean background

thalassemia

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

mononucleosis

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

hemolytic anemia

Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of bone marrow cells

aplastic anemia

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factor VIII or factor IX necessary for blood clotting

hemophilia

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body

pernicious anemia

Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

chronic lymphoid leukemia

Immature granulocytes predominate in the bone marrow

acute myeloid leukemia

Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in the bone marrow and bloodstream

chronic myeloid leukemia

Immature lymphocytes predominate in the bone marrow and lymph nodes

acute lymphoid leukemia

Tiny purple or red flat spots on the skin as a result of hemorrhages

petechiae

Causative agent in mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr virus

Large blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

ecchymoses

Sideropenia is the cause of this condition

iron deficiency anemia

Any disease of the blood or bone marrow

dyscrasia

Disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease

remission

Relieving, but not curing disease

palliative

Disease symptoms and signs reappear

relapse

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

multiple myeloma

Increase in numbers of granulocytes associated with allergic conditions

eosinophilia

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of RBCs

Red blood cell morphology

Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

bleeding time

Determination of number of blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and other RBC values

complete blood count

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

antiglobulin test

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

coagulation time

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

hemoglobin test

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

red blood cell count

Number of thrombocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

platelet count

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

hematocrit

apheresis

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

blood transfusion

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

bone marrow biopsy

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Peripheral stem cells from a donor are administered into a recipient

prothrombin time

Test of the ability of blood to clot

white blood cell count

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of blood

white blood cell differential

Percentages of the different types of leukocytes in the blood

A, B, O

Four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O

baso

basophils

CBC

complete blood count

diff.

differential count (white blood cells)

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus

eos

eosinophils

ESR

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Fe

iron

Hct

hematocrit

Hgb

hemoglobin

lymphs

lymphocytes

mono

monocytes

PT

prothrombin time

PTT

partial thromboplastin time

RBC

red blood cells; red blood cell count

sed rate

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

WBC

white blood cells; white blood cell count

Red blood cell

erythrocyte

White blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage

monocyte

Thrombocyte

platelet

Bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells

hematopoietic stem cell

Leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies

lymphocyte

Leukocyte with dense reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions

eosinophil

Leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules

neutrophil

Leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin

basophil

Liquid portion of blood

plasma

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate erythrocyte production in bone marrow

erythropoietin

Proteins in plasma; can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types

globulin

Plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in blood

albumin

Proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood

immunoglobulins (antibodies)

leukocytopenia

Deficiency of white blood cells

myelopoiesis

Formation of bone marrow

anticoagulant

Substance that stops clotting

thrombolytic

Pertaining to destruction of clots

Irregularity in shape

poikilocytosis

Immature red cells

erythroblast

Reduction of hemoglobin

hypochromia

Increase in numbers of small cells

microcytosis

Erythremia

polycythemia vera

Increase in numbers of large cells

macrocytosis

Formation of red cells

erythropoiesis

Destruction of red cells

hemolysis

sickle cell anemia

Abnormally shaped red blood cells cause destruction of red blood cells (hereditary condition)

aplastic anemia

Blood cells are not formed or produced in the bone marrow

thalassemia

Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin

Match the terms to it's definition. Terms: - relapse - remission - purpura - pancytopenia - palliative - eosinophilia - apheresis Definitions: a) Relieving, but not curing b) Deficiency of all blood cells c) Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions d) Symptoms of disease return e) Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin f) Separation of blood into its components g) Symptoms of disease disappear

relapse: d) Symptoms of disease return remission: g) Symptoms of disease disappear purpura: e) Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin pancytopenia: b) Deficiency of all blood cells palliative: a) Relieving, but not curing eosinophilia: c) Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions apheresis: f) Separation of blood into its components

A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells

red blood cell morphology

Measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

hematocrit

Determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter

platelet count

Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube

coagulation time

Measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle of out plasma

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs

WBC differential

Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Coombs test

Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor are infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding

bleeding time

Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under the microscope

bone marrow biopsy

Blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient

autologous transfusion