Chapter 13: Blood System: Review Flashcards
White blood cell with reddish granules; numbers increase in allergic reactions:
a) lymphocyte
b) eosinophil
c) neutrophil
d) erythrocyte
e) basophil
b) eosinophil
Protein threads that form the basis of a clot:
a) fibrinogen
b) globulin
c) hemoglobin
d) thrombin
e) fibrin
e) fibrin
Method of separating out plasma proteins by electrical charge:
a) plasmapheresis
b) hematocrit
c) electrophoresis
d) coagulation time
e) leukapheresis
c) electrophoresis
Foreign material that invades the body:
a) neutrophils
b) macrophages
c) antibodies
d) antigens
e) granulocytes
d) antigens
Pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed:
a) serum
b) albumin
c) globulin
d) plasma
e) bilirubin
e) bilirubin
An undifferentiated blood cell is called a(an):
a) granulocyte
b) segmented cell
c) hematopoietic stem cell
d) thrombocyte
e) lymphocyte
c) hematopoietic stem cell
Anticoagulant found in the blood:
a) heparin
b) prothrombin
c) thrombin
d) gamma globulin
e) Vitamin B12
a) heparin
A disorder of red blood cell morphology is:
a) multiple myeloma
b) poikilocytosis
c) monocytosis
d) acute myelocytic leukemia
e) hemochromatosis
b) poikilocytosis
Deficiency in numbers of white blood cells:
a) neutropenia
b) hypochromia
c) leukocytosis
d) chronic lymphoid leukemia
e) spherocytosis
a) neutropenia
Immature red blood cell:
a) thombocyte
b) monoblast
c) segmented
d) erythroblast
e) megakaryoblast
d) erythroblast
Derived from bone marrow:
a) myeloid
b) lymphoid
c) granulocytopenic
d) polymorphonuclear
e) phagocytic
a) myeloid
Breakdown of recipient’s red blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed:
a) erythrocytosis
b) hemolysis
c) embolism
d) anticoagulation
e) erythropoiesis
b) hemolysis
Sideropenia occurs causing deficient production of hemoglobin:
a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
Reduction in red cells due to excessive cell destruction:
a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia
d) hemolytic anemia
Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow:
a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia
c) aplastic anemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin:
a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia
e) thalassemia
Lack of mature red cells due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body:
a) pernicious anemia
b) iron deficiency anemia
c) aplastic anemia
d) hemolytic anemia
e) thalassemia
a) pernicious anemia
Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body:
a) polycythemia vera
b) Cooley anemia
c) purpura
d) hemochromatosis
e) thrombocytopenia
d) hemochromatosis
Symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a likely diagnosis of:
a) sickle cell anemia
b) hemostasis
c) acute lymphoid leukemia
d) chronic lymphoid leukemia
e) hemoglobinopathy
c) acute lymphoid leukemia
Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX:
a) autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
b) granulocytosis
c) polycythemia vera
d) erythremia
e) hemophilia
e) hemophilia
Venous blood is clotted in a test tube:
a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology
d) coagulation time
Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBCs is taken:
a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology
a) hematocrit
Blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of cells:
a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology
e) red blood cell morphology
Leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms:
a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology
b) white blood cell differential
Venous blood is collected; anticoagulant added and the distance cells fall in a period of time is determined:
a) hematocrit
b) white blood cell differential
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d) coagulation time
e) red blood cell morphology
c) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Blood protein that maintains the proper proportion and concentration of water in blood:
a) bilirubin
b) prothrombin
c) fibrinogen
d) albumin
e) globulin
d) albumin
Swelling; fluid leaks out into tissue spaces:
a) petechiae
b) edema
c) ecchymoses
d) dyscrasia
e) autologous transfusion
b) edema
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE:
a) megakaryocytes
b) eosinophils
c) neutrophils
d) stem cells
e) immunoglobulins
e) immunoglobulins
Symptoms of disease return:
a) palliative
b) relapse
c) hemoglobinopathy
d) remission
e) spherocytosis
b) relapse
Relieving symptoms, but not curing disease:
a) coagulopathy
b) hemostasis
c) hematocrit
d) palliative
e) myelopoiesis
d) palliative
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin
bilirubin
Blood protein that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
albumin
White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions
eosinophil
Blood clotting
coagulation
Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
electrophoresis
Foreign substance that stimulates the production of an antibody
antigen
Red blood cell
erythrocyte
Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures
differentiation
White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin
basophil
Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation
erythropoietin
Immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes to combat specific antigens
antibody
Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
fibrin
Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; a phagocyte
macrophage
Response of the immune system to foreign invasion
immune reaction
Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
lymphocyte
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
heparin
Destruction or breakdown of blood
hemolysis
Liquid portion of the blood
plasma
Blood protein containing iron
hemoglobin
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
fibrinogen
White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil
granulocyte
Plasma proteins; alpha, beta, and gamma
globulins
White blood cell containing granules and formed in bone marrow
neutrophil
Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
platelet (thrombocyte)
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms; found in bone marrow
hematopoietic stem cell
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge
plasmapheresis
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
serum
Protein with antibody activity; IgC, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE are examples
immunoglobulin
Immature erythrocyte
reticulocyte
White blood cell with dark-staining blue granules; releases heparin and histamine
basophil
Pertaining to a deficiency in colour (of red blood cells)
hypochromic
White blood cell with dark-staining red granules; elevated in allergic reactions
eosinophil
Disorder marked by abnormality in hemoglobin
hemoglobinopathy
Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)
hemolysis
Study of cells
cytology
Percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
hematocrit
Disorder or disease of clotting
coagulopathy
Deficiency of red blood cells
erythrocytopenia
Substance that stops blood clotting
anticoagulant
Deficiency of white blood cells
leukocytopenia
Immature bone marrow cell
myeloblast
Study of the shape (of cells)
morphology
Deficiency of neutrophils
neutropenia
Abnormal formation of bone marrow
myelodisplasia
White blood cell with one large nucleus
monocyte
Cell that eats or swallows bacteria and debris
phagocyte
Deficiency of iron
sideropenia
Deficiency of platelets
thrombocytopenia
Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-lobed (shaped) nucleus
polymorphonuclear
Immature white blood cell
monoblast
Abnormal condition of small red blood cells
microcytosis
Immature red blood cell
erythroblast
Abnormal condition of red blood cells that are irregularly shaped
poikilocytosis
Plasma is separated from other parts of the blood
plasmapheresis
Abnormal condition of rounded red blood cells
spherocytosis
Abnormal condition of large red blood cells
macrocytosis
White blood cells are separated from other parts of the blood
leukapheresis
Clotting cells are separated from other parts of the blood
plateletpheresis
Iron-containing protein in red blood cells
hemoglobin
Antibody-containing protein in blood
immunoglobulin
Therapy used to dissolve (breakdown) clots
thrombolytic therapy
Resembling bone marrow cells
myeloid
Deficiency of granulocytes
granulocytopenia
Increase in numbers of neutrophils
neurtophilia
Abnormal condition of clotting
thrombosis
Formation of blood
hematopoiesis
Deficiency of all types of blood cells
pancytopenia
Formation of bone marrow cells
myelopoiesis
Stopping or controlling the flow of blood
hemostasis
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
purpura
General increase in red blood cells (erythremia)
polycythemia vera
Excess iron deposits throughout the body
hemochromatosis
Hereditary condition characterized by abnormal crescent shape of erythrocytes and by destruction of red blood cells
sickle cell anemia
Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in person of Mediterranean background
thalassemia
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
mononucleosis
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
hemolytic anemia
Failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of bone marrow cells
aplastic anemia
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factor VIII or factor IX necessary for blood clotting
hemophilia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body
pernicious anemia
Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
chronic lymphoid leukemia
Immature granulocytes predominate in the bone marrow
acute myeloid leukemia
Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in the bone marrow and bloodstream
chronic myeloid leukemia
Immature lymphocytes predominate in the bone marrow and lymph nodes
acute lymphoid leukemia
Tiny purple or red flat spots on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
petechiae
Causative agent in mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus
Large blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
ecchymoses
Sideropenia is the cause of this condition
iron deficiency anemia
Any disease of the blood or bone marrow
dyscrasia
Disappearance of signs and symptoms of disease
remission
Relieving, but not curing disease
palliative
Disease symptoms and signs reappear
relapse
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
multiple myeloma
Increase in numbers of granulocytes associated with allergic conditions
eosinophilia
Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of RBCs
Red blood cell morphology
Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
bleeding time
Determination of number of blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and other RBC values
complete blood count
Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
antiglobulin test
Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
coagulation time
Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
hemoglobin test
Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
red blood cell count
Number of thrombocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
platelet count
Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hematocrit
apheresis
Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
blood transfusion
Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
bone marrow biopsy
Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Peripheral stem cells from a donor are administered into a recipient
prothrombin time
Test of the ability of blood to clot
white blood cell count
Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter of blood
white blood cell differential
Percentages of the different types of leukocytes in the blood
A, B, O
Four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O
baso
basophils
CBC
complete blood count
diff.
differential count (white blood cells)
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
eos
eosinophils
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Fe
iron
Hct
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
lymphs
lymphocytes
mono
monocytes
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
RBC
red blood cells; red blood cell count
sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
WBC
white blood cells; white blood cell count
Red blood cell
erythrocyte
White blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage
monocyte
Thrombocyte
platelet
Bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells
hematopoietic stem cell
Leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies
lymphocyte
Leukocyte with dense reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions
eosinophil
Leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules
neutrophil
Leukocyte whose granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin
basophil
Liquid portion of blood
plasma
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate erythrocyte production in bone marrow
erythropoietin
Proteins in plasma; can be separated into alpha, beta, and gamma types
globulin
Plasma protein that maintains the proper amount of water in blood
albumin
Proteins made by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
immunoglobulins (antibodies)
leukocytopenia
Deficiency of white blood cells
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
anticoagulant
Substance that stops clotting
thrombolytic
Pertaining to destruction of clots
Irregularity in shape
poikilocytosis
Immature red cells
erythroblast
Reduction of hemoglobin
hypochromia
Increase in numbers of small cells
microcytosis
Erythremia
polycythemia vera
Increase in numbers of large cells
macrocytosis
Formation of red cells
erythropoiesis
Destruction of red cells
hemolysis
sickle cell anemia
Abnormally shaped red blood cells cause destruction of red blood cells (hereditary condition)
aplastic anemia
Blood cells are not formed or produced in the bone marrow
thalassemia
Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin
Match the terms to it’s definition.
Terms:
- relapse
- remission
- purpura
- pancytopenia
- palliative
- eosinophilia
- apheresis
Definitions:
a) Relieving, but not curing
b) Deficiency of all blood cells
c) Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions
d) Symptoms of disease return
e) Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin
f) Separation of blood into its components
g) Symptoms of disease disappear
relapse:
d) Symptoms of disease return
remission:
g) Symptoms of disease disappear
purpura:
e) Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin
pancytopenia:
b) Deficiency of all blood cells
palliative:
a) Relieving, but not curing
eosinophilia:
c) Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions
apheresis:
f) Separation of blood into its components
A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
red blood cell morphology
Measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
hematocrit
Determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter
platelet count
Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube
coagulation time
Measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle of out plasma
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs
WBC differential
Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Coombs test
Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor are infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding
bleeding time
Needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity, and a small amount of marrow is aspirated and then examined under the microscope
bone marrow biopsy
Blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient
autologous transfusion
