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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 13: Blood System: Pronunciation of Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

Protein found in blood

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2
Q

anisocytosis

A

Inequality in the size of red blood cells

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3
Q

antibody

A

Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood

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4
Q

anticoagulant

A

Substance that prevents blood clotting

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5
Q

antigen

A

Foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody

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6
Q

basophil

A

White blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment found in bile

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8
Q

coagulation

A

Process of blood clotting

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9
Q

coagulopathy

A

Disease of blood clotting

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10
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

Protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)

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11
Q

cytology

A

Study of cells

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12
Q

differentiation

A

Specialization of cells from immature to mature forms

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13
Q

electrophoresis

A

Technique used to separate serum proteins by electrical charge

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14
Q

eosinophil

A

White blood cell whose granules stain intensely with an acidic eosin (reddish) dye

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15
Q

eosinophilia

A

Increase in numbers of eosinophils in the bloodstream

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16
Q

erythroblast

A

Immature, developing red blood cell

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17
Q

erythrocytopenia

A

Deficiency of red blood cells

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18
Q

erythropoiesis

A

Formation of red blood cells

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19
Q

erythropoietin

A

Substance (hormone) produced by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

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20
Q

fibrin

A

Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot

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21
Q

fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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22
Q

globulins

A

Major blood proteins; immunoglobins, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins are examples

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23
Q

granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules.

Three types:

  • basophil
  • eosinophil
  • neutrophil
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24
Q

granulocytopenia

A

Deficiency of granulocytes

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25
Q

hemaptopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells

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26
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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27
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

Disease or defect of hemoglobin production

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28
Q

hemolysis

A

Destruction or breakdown of blood; specifically red blood cells

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29
Q

hemostasis

A

Stoppage of bleeding or circulation of blood

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30
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissues

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31
Q

hypochromic

A

Pertaining to deficiency in colour; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells

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32
Q

immune response

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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33
Q

immunoglobulin

A

Antibody-containing protein in the blood

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34
Q

leukapheresis

A

Mechanical separation of white blood cells from the rest of the blood

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35
Q

leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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36
Q

leukocytopenia

A

Deficiency of white blood cells

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37
Q

lymphocyte

A

White blood cell with a single nucleus (mononuclear); capable of producing antibodies

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38
Q

macrocytosis

A

Presence of large red blood cells in the blood

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39
Q

macrophage

A

Large phagocytic cell migrating from the blood into tissues

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40
Q

megakaryocyte

A

Large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platelet precursor found in the bone marrow

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41
Q

microcytosis

A

Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells

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42
Q

monoblase

A

Immature monocyte

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43
Q

monocyte

A

White blood cell (agranulocyte) with one large nucleus; enter tissues as microphages

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44
Q

mononuclear

A

Pertaining to a white blood cell with a single, round nucleus; monocyte or lymphocyte

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45
Q

morphology

A

Study of the shape and form of cells, particularly red blood cells

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46
Q

myeloblast

A

Immature granulocytic white blood cell; a cell normally only found in the bone marrow

47
Q

myeloid

A

Derived from bone marrow

48
Q

myelogenous

A

Pertaining to cells produced in the bone marrow

49
Q

myelopoiesis

A

Formulation and development of bone marrow or cells that originate from it

50
Q

neutropenia

A

Deficiency of neutrophils

51
Q

neutrophil

A

White blood cell with dark granules that stain with a neutral dye; phagocyte formed in the bone marrow and that bone marrow’s first line of defense against disease

52
Q

neutrophilia

A

Increased numbers of neutrophils

53
Q

pancytopenia

A

Deficiency of all (blood) cells

54
Q

phagocyte

A

Cell that engulfs another cell or foreign organism and destroys it

55
Q

plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood containing proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins

56
Q

plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

57
Q

platelet

A

Clotting cell or thrombocyte

58
Q

plateletpheresis

A

Separation of platelets from the rest of the blood

59
Q

poikilocytosis

A

Variation in the shape of red blood cells

60
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus in granulocytic white blood cells

61
Q

prothrombin

A

Plasma protein converted to thrombin in the clotting process

62
Q

reticulocyte

A

Immature erythrocyte with a network of strands (reticulum)

63
Q

Rh factor

A

Antigen (protein) on reg blood cells of Rh positive individuals

64
Q

serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins (prothrombin and fibrinogen) and clotting cells

65
Q

sideropenia

A

Deficiency or iron in the blood

66
Q

spherocytosis

A

Increase in numbers of sphere-shaped red blood cells, as in a type of anemia (hemolytic anemia)

67
Q

stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to all forms of specialized cells in the body. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and lead to the development of all types of blood cells

68
Q

thrombin

A

Enzyme necessary for blood clotting (converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the clotting process)

69
Q

thrombocyte

A

Platelet; clotting cell

70
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

Deficiency of clotting cells

71
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Treatment with drugs to break down clots that may abnormally form in blood vessels

72
Q

thrombosis

A

Condition of clot formation

73
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

Malignant, immature lymphocytes multiply in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system

74
Q

acute myelogenous leukemia

A

Malignant, immature granulocytes called myeloblasts multiply in the bone marrow and bloodstream

75
Q

antiglobulin test

A

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes; Coombs test

76
Q

apheresis

A

Withdrawal and separation of blood elements

77
Q

aplastic anemia

A

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia (absence of formation) of bone marrow cells

78
Q

autologous transfusion

A

Removal and then reinfusion of a patient’s own blood or blood components

79
Q

bleeding time

A

Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

80
Q

blood transfusion

A

Blood cells or whole blood from a closely matched donor are infused into a patient

81
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

Needle aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow followed by examination under a microscope

82
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Malignant, but relatively mature lymphocytes, multiply in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

83
Q

chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Malignant, but relatively mature granulocytic leukocytes multiply in the bloodstream

84
Q

coagulation time

A

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

85
Q

complete blood count

A

Determination of the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in a sample of blood

86
Q

dyscrasia

A

Blood disease

87
Q

ecchymoses

A

Large blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

88
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Measurement of the speed at which erythrocytes settle or fall to the bottom of a test tube

89
Q

granulocytosis

A

Increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood

90
Q

hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood

91
Q

hematopoietic stem cell transplant

A

Peripheral (found in the body) stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into the vein of a recipient

92
Q

hemochromatosis

A

Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body

93
Q

hemoglobin test

A

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of blood

94
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

Reduction in erythrocytes due to excessive destruction of red blood cells

95
Q

hemophilia

A

Hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding. Affected individuals are lacking a blood clotting factor (factor VIII or fact IX)

96
Q

intrinsic factor

A

Substance normally found in gastric (stomach) juice that helps absorption of vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

97
Q

mononucleosis

A

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

98
Q

multiple myeloma

A

Malignant tumor of bone marrow; overproduction of immunoglobulins and destruction of bone disease

99
Q

palliative

A

Relieving, but not curing illness

100
Q

partial thromboplastin time

A

Measurement of presence of plasma factors that act in a portion of the coagulation pathway

101
Q

pernicious anemia

A

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body

102
Q

petechiae

A

Small pinpoint hemorrhages caused by bleeding under the skin

103
Q

platelet count

A

Number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

104
Q

polycythemia vera

A

Increase in numbers of red blood cells (erythemia)

105
Q

prothrombin time

A

Test of the ability of blood to clot

106
Q

purpura

A

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (platelets)

107
Q

red blood cell count

A

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

108
Q

red blood cell morphology

A

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of an individual’s red blood cells

109
Q

relapse

A

Return of symptoms of disease

110
Q

remission

A

Disappearance of symptoms of disease

111
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

Hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis

112
Q

thalassemia

A

Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in person of Mediterranean background.

113
Q

white blood cell count

A

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

114
Q

white blood cell differential

A

Percentage of the total white blood cell count made up by different types of leukocytes

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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